BIOL 005B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Phylogenetic Tree, Plant, Common Descent

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20 Jan 2017

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Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary history of groups of species and related species and the relationship among groups of species. Organisms share many similar characteris because they may have common ancestor. Biologists usually interpret phylogenies by using systematic , which uses fossil, molecular, and genetic data etc to determine evolutionary relationship. Phylogenetic tree is a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary history of a group of species. In the diagram, a branching point represents the divergence of two species from a common ancestor. Groups that share an immediate or the most recent common ancestor are called sister taxa. a specie that diverge early in the history of a group is called basal taxon . A branching point that has two or more groups is called polytomy. In order to construct phylogenies, systematists gather information about genes, morphologies, molecular data. Organism with similar dna sequences and morphologies are more likely to share common ancestor.

Related Questions

1. Features in two different groups of organisms that are sharedbecause they were inherited from a common ancestor are examples of:(One word. Case does not matter, but you must spell it exactlycorrect.) ____________

2. A phylogeny is:

	A.	A diagram showing the relationship between groups oforganisms
	B.	A list of the evolutionary innovations possessed by a singlegroup of organisms
	C.	A diagram of all the known ancestors in the fossil record for asingle species living today
	D.	A unit of time used in geology

Homoplasy refers to:

	A.	The tendency of closely related organisms to interbreed witheach other
	B.	Features that ancestors had that were later lost by theirdescendants
	C.	Features in different groups of organisms that are not inheritedfrom a common ancestor
	D.	Features that appear only in a single group of organisms

Archaeopteryx lithographica and Tiktaalikroseae are examples of:

	A.	Fossils that show early forms of multicellular life in thePrecambrian
	B.	Transitional fossils that document the origin of evolutionaryinnovations
	C.	Index fossils that are used to identify the age of rocks
	D.	Living species that retain primitive characteristics

champagnemoose571

Snapping shrimp used to be able to swim from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean by traveling between North and South America. However, when the Isthmus of Panama appeared (a land bridge that connects the Americas), the shrimp could no longer travel between the oceans and evolved into different species. This an example of

sympatric speciation

allopatric speciation

punctuated speciation

genetic drift

10.

Which of the following refers to a structure that is similar because of descent from a common ancestor (e.g. a human leg and a whale fin)?

Analogous structures

Antonymous structures

Synonymous structures

Homologous structures

11.

Artic foxes have white fur and ptarmigan (birds) have white feathers that help them hide in the snow. Given that their common ancestor did not have white fur or white feathers, these structures are most likely

sister structures

homologous structures

divergent structures

analogous structure

12.

Which of the following statements refers to phylogeny?

		The science of studying the transmission of genetic information.
		The science of classifying organisms.
		method used to organize homologous traits to describe phylogenies using common descendent as the primary criterion used to classify organisms.
		The evolutionary history and relationship of an organism or group of organism.

BIOL 005B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Phylogenetic Tree, Plant, Common Descent

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