CBNS 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Microglia, Axon Hillock, Schwann Cell

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There are 2 major divisions of the nervous system: Lecture 1: neurons and glia: the central nervous system (cns, the peripheral nervous system (pns) Somatic pns: innervates the skin, joints, and muscles. Breaks down into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. There are two types of cells in the nervous system: neurons and glial cells. There are 4 types of glial cells: astrocytes, myelinating glia (oligodendrocytes and schwann cells, ependymal cells, micro glia. Major parts of a neuron: soma (cell body), axon, axon hillock, axon terminal, and dendrites. The above image shows the major parts of a neuron as listed but also shows another important process, synaptic transmission. Synaptic transmission is the process in which a pre-synaptic neuron sends chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters across a small gap called a synapse to a post- synaptic neuron (receiving cell). While the axon sends out neural information, the dendrites receive it. The soma of the cell will process and integrate the information.

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