BSC 2010C Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Cell Division, Chromosome, Synapsis
Document Summary
One parent contributes all genetic material to offspring. An individual that reproduces asexually gives rise to a clone. Two parents produce offspring with unique genetic combinations inherited from both. Karyotype- a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. 2 of each chromosomes: 2 copies of each gene. X & y: not homologs contain different genes. Any chromosome other than the x & y. 1 of each chromosome: 1 copy of each gene. Cell division which reduces chromosome from diploid to haploid. Only occurs in cells in ovaries or testes that make gametes. Fertilization: alternates with meiosis in sexual life cycles. Zygote- fertilized egg, diploid b/c contains two haploid sets of chromosomes bearing genes representing the maternal and paternal family lines. Life cycle: generation-to-generation sequence of stages in reproductive history or organisms. Human cells not produced by mitosis are the gametes.