HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Surface Tension, Muscle Atrophy, Kyphoscoliosis
Document Summary
Diffuse interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive disorder characterized by thickening of the alveolar interstitium. The disorder is an immune-mediated disorder that follows an initial lung injury. Lung tissues are characteristically infiltrated by immune cells (macrophages and lymphocytes). Excess fibrin deposition results in stiff, noncompliant lungs. Vital capacity, tidal volume, frc, and diffusion capacity are generally reduced. Respiratory rate increases to compensate for the small tidal volume. Treatment centers on administration of drugs to depress immune system activity, such as corticosteroids. Sarcoidosis is a restrictive disorder associated with abnormal protein deposits (granulomas) in the lung. Granulomas are fibrotic and are associated with immune cells (histiocytes). Symptoms include progressive dyspnea, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and generalized symptoms of inflammation. Pulmonary lymph nodes may be primarily affected, with progression to parenchymal involvement. Pulmonary function test results are consistent with a restrictive disorder, demonstrating reduced lung volumes and increased respiratory rate.
