HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Diuretic, Hypotension, Uremia
Document Summary
Chapter 28: acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease. Arf is an abrupt reduction in renal function producing an accumulation of waste materials in the blood. Arf is classified into three types according to the site of disruption: prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Distinction between the types of arf is necessary to determine appropriate therapy. Prerenal renal failure is due to conditions that impair renal blood flow, such as hypovolemia, hypotension, cardiac failure, and renal artery obstruction. It is characterized by clinical manifestations of a low gfr, usually including oliguria, high urine specific gravity and osmolality, and low urinary sodium. Signs and symptoms of fluid volume overload are present. Prolonged prerenal renal failure results in intrarenal renal failure. Postrenal arf is due to obstruction within the urinary collecting system distal to the kidney. Obstruction results in elevated pressure in bowman"s capsule, which impedes glomerular filtration. Clinical findings vary, based on the duration of the obstruction.
