HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Parasympatholytic, Stroke Volume, Jugular Vein
Document Summary
Chapter 19: heart failure and dysrhythmias: common sequelae of cardiac diseases. Heart failure is a potential consequence of most cardiac disorders with the most common predisposing factors being myocardial ischemia, hypertension, and dilated cardiomyopathy (pgs. Heart failure with primarily systolic dysfunction is characterized by reduced myocardial contractility resulting in a low ejection fraction and reduced inotropy during ventricular systole. In contrast, heart failure with primarily diastolic dysfunction is characterized by reduced ventricular compliance during diastole resulting in a ventricle that does not fill effectively; however, the ejection fraction remains normal (pgs. Preload, afterload and contractility are therapeutically managed with diuretics, ace inhibitors, beta- blockers, and inotropic medications, such as digitalis, as well as modifications in dietary salt and fluid intake. In addition, pacemakers may be used to augment contractility (pgs. Premature atrial complexes pac occurs earlier than normal, is preceded by a p wave, and has a normal qrs configuration.
