HSC 4558 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Fibroblast, Perimysium, Anatomical Terms Of Motion
Document Summary
Chapter 50: structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. Bone is capable of altering its shape and density in response to mechanical demands. The osteon is the basic unit of bone. Bone tissue may be dense and compact (cortical) or lighter and trabecular. In long bones, the epiphyseal plate is the site of linear growth. Fracture through this plate may lead to limb length discrepancy after fracture healing in children. Increases in bone width are mediated by osteocytes in the periosteum. Bone cells responsible for deposition are called osteoblasts; osteoclasts mediate bone resorption. Absence of bone stress because of immobility or altered weight bearing leads to demineralization. Joint configuration dictates possible motions of a joint. Types of joint movement include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. Joints that allow these types of movement are called diarthroses (synovial joints). The ends of bone in a synovial joint are held together by a joint capsule composed of two layers of connective tissue.
