PCB 3063 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Primase, Okazaki Fragments, Dna Ligase

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tealfox457

30 Mar 2017

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Population genetics: studies the genetic makeup of groups of individuals and how the genetic composition changes over time. Population: a group of individuals belonging to the same species that are potentially interbreeding. Gene pool: the total of all alleles possessed by all reproducing members of a species. Genotypic frequency: measurement of the proportion of individuals having a particular genotype. Allele frequency: the percentage of alleles at a given locus within a population: calculating genotypic frequencies. Add the number of individuals with one genotype and divide by the number of individuals in a population. The frequency of alleles in one generation can be used to predict the frequencies of the next generation in hw equilibrium. Frequency of alleles = number of copies of alleles/ total number of alleles at that locus. 2 naa + naa/2n = f(a) f(aa) + f(aa)/2 = f(a: hardy-weinberg law. Principle involving the frequency of alleles of a gene in a large, randomly interbreeding population.

Related Questions

Part A

In humans, individuals may or may not have a widowâs peak. This trait is controlled by genes at a single locus, with the allele for having a widowâs peak dominant to the allele for not having one. A population of humans is sampled; 59 have a widowâs peak and 44 do not. 25 of the people with a widowâs peak are homozygous dominant. What are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles observed in this sample?

p = _____

q = _____

Part B

In a species of corn, individuals have either narrow or wide corn cobs. This trait is controlled by genes at a single locus, with the narrow cob allele dominant to the wide cob allele. A farmer counts 74 narrow cob and 113 wide cob plants in a field. Of the narrow cob plants, 28 are homozygous dominant. What are the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles observed in this sample?

p = _____

q = _____

Part C

In a population of peas, the frequency of the dominant allele for a purple flower is 0.61 and the frequency of the recessive allele for a white flower is 0.39. What would the genotypic frequencies be if the population is in equilibrium?

_____ = Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals

_____ = Frequency of heterozygous individuals

_____ = Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals

How many individuals would you expect of each genotype in a population of 500 peas?

_____ = Number of homozygous dominant individuals

_____ = Number of heterozygous individuals

_____ = Number of homozygous recessive individuals

Part D

In mice, a mahogany coat color allele is dominant over the tan coat color allele. In a population of mice, the frequency of the allele for mahogany coat color is 0.19 and the frequency of the allele for tan coat color is 0.81. What would the genotypic frequencies be if the population is in equilibrium?

_____ = Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals

_____ = Frequency of heterozygous individuals

_____ = Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals

How many individuals would you expect of each genotype in a population of 100 mice?

_____ = Number of homozygous dominant individuals

_____ = Number of heterozygous individuals

_____ = Number of homozygous recessive individuals

Part E

In humans, the free earlobe allele is dominant over the attached ear lobe allele. In a population of humans, the frequency of the allele for free earlobes is 0.42 and the frequency of the allele for attached earlobes is 0.58. What would the genotypic frequencies be if the population is in equilibrium?

_____ = Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals

_____ = Frequency of heterozygous individuals

_____ = Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals

How many individuals would you expect of each genotype in a population of 25 humans?

_____ = Number of homozygous dominant individuals

_____ = Number of heterozygous individuals

_____ = Number of homozygous recessive individuals

rubyleopard160

Hemoglobin and Fitness Instructions Directions: Neutral Evolution

1. Obtain 20 beans of two different colors (e.g., white and red). Count out 16 white and 4 red beans. The white beans represent the Hn allele and the red beans represent the Hs allele. This is the genetic makeup of your starting population. (Note: You can use any objects that can readily be categorized into two groups, such as coins, colored rocks, or paper clips.)

2.Calculate the frequency of both alleles [f(Hn) and f(Hs)] and record them in Table 1. In our experiment frequency is a measure of how many copies of a given allele exist in the gene pool (i.e., a proportion). Use decimal values. â¨

3.Arrange the beans into pairs. These pairs represent the genotype of each of 10 individuals in the population. Record the number of individuals with each genotype [f(Hn Hn), f(Hn Hs), and f(HsHs)] in Table 1. â¨

4.Now imagine that the individuals are living and reproducing with each individual reproducing at the same rate (i.e., all individuals produce two copies of each of their alleles into the next generation). Obtain enough beans to represent the next generationâ the offspring generationâand then let the parental generation âdieâ. â¨

5.Calculate the frequency of each allele in the offspring generation and record it in Table 1. â¨

Answer the questions that follow in Table 1. â¨

Table 1

	f(HnHn)	f(HnHs)	f(HsHs)	f(Hn)	f(Hs)
oiginal generation
offspring generation

Answer the following questions to help you understand the exercise:

What happened to the frequency of the common allele? â¨

What happened to the frequency of the rare allele? â¨

What happened to the frequency of the common and rare alleles when the starting frequencies were different from yours

What happens to allele frequencies from one generation to the next if there are no evolutionary forces acting on the population? â¨

greyotter669

Rank the following terms in increasing order of scale accordingto your knowledge of their definitions:

-Locus
-Allele
-Chromosome
-Gene

If 16% of a population expressed a recessive trait, whatpercentage of the gene pool is the dominant allele?

Consider a population of Peach-faced lovebirds where:

65% of all gametes carry a dominant allele (F)for regular plumage (feather colors).

The remaining 35% carry the recessive allele(f) for a plumage with white.

When two heterozygous (Ff) individuals breed,we expect the genotype Ff to account for_____% ofthe new generation.

In the case of a species of sea lions displaying assortativemating (where individuals prefer to mate with individuals that looklike them), the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium are stillmet and supported (T or F)

If 90% of the alleles in a population are dominant, what is theratio of genotypes?

What are genes comprised of?

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does 2pq denote?

Without strong natural selection, recessive alleles willinevitable disappear from a population T or F

If the proportion of sickle-cell sufferers(HbS-HbS homozygotes) in a population is 0.04,according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the proportion ofsickle-cell carriers (HbS-HbA heterozygotes) in thatpopulation?

coralherring96

PCB 3063 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Primase, Okazaki Fragments, Dna Ligase

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