PCB 3703C Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Hypercholesterolemia, Loose Connective Tissue, Lipid Storage Disorder

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14 Nov 2016

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Consists of: cytosol (water, ions, and enzymes, organelles, pigments, stored nutrients, nucleus: control center of the cell and contains dna. What are the two main types of membrane proteins and which is most common: integral proteins (most common/most abundant and extend entirely through membrane, peripheral proteins (mainly on cytoplasmic side), separate cell membrane from cytoplasm. ** glycocalyx: a short chain of carbohydrates projected out of glycoproteins or glycolipids. Atp: vesicular or bulk transport: large particles and macromolecules pass through the membrane, exocytosis: vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release contents out of the cell and into the bloodstream, endocytosis: brings large molecules into the cell. How do vesicle membranes bind to the plasmalemma during exocytosis: proteins extending from the vesicle membrane (vsnares), bind with plasma membrane proteins (tsnares). This causes the lipid layers of the vesicle and cell membrane to join together. Name the 3 types of endocytosis and describe each.

Related Questions

1,Match the descriptions to the type of transport.

- A. B. C.	Water enters a cell because it is hypertonic compared to the extracellular environment, increasing its turgor pressure
- A. B. C.	Water enters guard cells because the guard cells are hypertonic compared to the surrounding cells
- A. B. C.	Potassium ions are pumped into guard cells
- A. B. C.	The motor cells of a Venus fly trap are hypotonic compared to surrounding cells, causing water to leave the motor cells
- A. B. C.	Sugar is loaded into the phloem

A.	Both active and passive transport
B.	Passive Transport
C.	Active transport

2,Describe what is wrong with the following statement and explain why:

All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, organelles, cytoplasm, and cell walls.

What is short-distance transport?

	a,	The movement of solutes from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration
		b,The movement of water, nutrients, and other substances between cells
c,		The movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
d,		The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.

What terms describe the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration towards a region of low water concentration (and high solute concentration.)

What is found in the proptoplasm?

Cell wall, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus, and other cell organelles

Plasmodesmata, cell wall, and plasma membrane

Cell wall, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

Cytoplasm, nucleus, and other cell organelles

The channels that allow nutrients and protoplasm to pass between plant cells are called _________________.

What happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and cell lysis will occur

Water will leave the plant cell and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell and plasmolysis will occur

Water will enter the plant cell and the plasma membrane will swell and push against the cell wall

Water will leave the plant cell and the plant cell will lose turgor pressure, causing the plant to wilt

________________ transport uses cellular energy.

What molecules make plasma cell membranes hydrophilic on the outside and hydrophobic on the inside?

What type of cells do plants have?

		Bacterial
		Archaeic
		Eukaryotic
		Prokaryotic

Question 1

Light microscopes

	A.	typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope
	B.	work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied
	C.	use light and glass lenses to magnify an image

Question 2

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

	A.	are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
	B.	are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
	C.	are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water

Question 3

The nucleus of a cell

	A.	is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
	B.	contains DNA
	C.	is the primary location of protein synthesis

Question 4

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

A.		endoplasmic reticulum
B		plasma membrane
C.		Cytoplasm

Question 5

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

A.		membrane and proteins secreted by the cell
B.		mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell
C.		hydrogen peroxide

Question 6

The Golgi apparatus

A.		is the site of glucose breakdown
B.		stores, modifies, and packages proteins
C.		strings together amino acids to produce proteins

Question 7

The function of mitochondria is

		A. cellular respiration
		B. photosynthesis
		C. lipid synthesis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

		A. The cytoskeleton helps to support cell
		B. Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place
	C.	The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream in lipoproteinparticles. There are several classes of lipoprotein particles, butone of the most important classes is called Low-densitylipoproteins (LDL). LDL particles are composed of a single moleculeof a large protein called apolipoprotein, as well as thousands ofcholesterols molecules and phospholipids. Part of theapolipoprotein forms the surface of the particles and faces theaqueous phase, while other parts face the hydrophobic interior ofthe particle where they interact with cholesterol and thehydrophobic tails of the phospholipids. When cells need additionalcholesterol, they produce a receptor protein on the surface oftheir plasma membrane that binds to the apolipoprotein andinitiates the uptake of LDL particles into the cell via a processcalled endocytosis.

1. What is the likely reason that LDL particles are used totransport cholesterol in the blood stream?

a. Cholesterol in LDL particles easily inserts into lipidbilayers

b. Cholesterol id largely insoluble in aqueous solutions

c. Cholesterol is synthesized within LDL particles

d. LDL particles can form lipid rafts in the lipid bilayer

2. What is the most likely location of phospholipids in LDLparticles?

a. Bound to the hydrophilic domain of apolipoprotein

b. In the lipid bilayer that surrounds LDL particles

c. On the surface interacting with the aqueous environment aswell as interacting with the hydrophobic core of the particle

d. Within the hydrophobic core of the particle

3. What best describes the class of protein that apolipoproteinbelongs to?

a. Amphipathic proteins

b. Cell surface proteins

c. Membrane associated protein

d. Multipass membrane proteins

4. What kind of molecule on the surface of the cell would bemost likely to serve as a receptor for LDL particles?

a. a cholesterol binding protein

b. a glycolipid

c. a phospholipid

d. trans membrane protein

5. What conditions would be most likely to trigger increaseduptake of LDL particles by cells?

a. increased glycolipid synthesis

b. increased plasma membrane growth

c. increased protein secretion

d. increase protein synthesis

PCB 3703C Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Hypercholesterolemia, Loose Connective Tissue, Lipid Storage Disorder

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