WOH 2012 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Livingsocial, Ruling Class, Zoroastrianism
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World Civilizations WOH 2012 Mid Term Study Guide (Chapters 1 to Chapter 8)
Key Terms / Events / Individuals:
Complex Societies (key change)
Stages of Complex Societies (SAQ)
•Villages
•Towns
•Cities
•States
•Civilizations
Key Factors that led to the development of complex societies (SAQ)
•Surplus food leads to the rise of towns and cities
•Non farming occupations lead of the production of goods, arts, crafts, and
led
•Organized religions
•Centralized authority (rulers)
•Complex governments
Agricultural Revolution (why) (key end results)
•Population growth
•Climate change (warming weather)
Impact of Agriculture
Egyptian Civilizations
Pyramids (why build?) (How did they build them?) (symbol) (SAQ)
•The importance of the afterlife and maintaining an ordered universe
•Government (kingdom) wanted to show its power and authority
•To inspire awe, respect and a sense of legitimacy to the ruler (Pharaoh)
•Build a sense of community and maintain public order (keep subjects
under control)
Key to growth & stability
•Location/geography and environment
•The Nile “heart of Egypt”
Gift of the Nile (dual impacts)
•Predictable floods
•Dual impacts
oSurplus food
oStable population
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Defining Elements of Civilization
•Powerful centralized government
oBecause there’s was only one manager/ruler
•Pharaoh “representation of God"
oRole: maintain order in the living world: balance underworld & living world
•Ma’at :the idea of having a balanced universe
Key Theme & why (early Egypt)
•Growth without development
oNarrow valley
oPredictable flood
oNo oppression t authority
o“if it ain’t broke don’t fix it”
Pharaoh (Institution: why)
•Absolute rule as long as he keep the order of the Ma’at
Old Kingdom (foundations)
•Foundation of Egyptain civilizations
•Institution of the pharaoh
oAbsolute power as long as he keep order of the Ma’at
•Writing system (hieroglyphic and papyrus)
•Creation of the step pyramids (Imhotep)
Imhotep (step pyramid)
•First individual to create step pyramids
•Step pyramids: prototype for future pyramid
•Shows the power of the pharaoh
Middle Kingdom (characteristics)
•Middle kingdom is when Egypt becomes a civilization
oThe pharaoh becomes undivided
oThe role added to the pharaoh
•Keeping the Ma’at
•Pharaoh becomes the Shepard of the kingdom (becomes care taker
of the kingdom) EXPLICT {could lose that power}
oPeriod of trade (development of external trade networks)
Because the Nile was unreliable they started to trade
•Middle kingdom was ended by Hyksos invaders
oConquered Egypt for a short period of time
Foreign Invasion
(why)
•Technology gap
•Trade network have created the situation for invasion
(impact)
•They became more aware of threats
•Changed their outlook
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•Built a stronger military
•Adopted chariots
New Kingdom (key developments)
•Expansion/conquest
•Technological improvement
•Pharaoh takes on new role “Warlord” {commander and chief of the military}
•Assimilation {at the period Egypt became an empire}
•New pharaoh (Thutmose) tried to assimilate the people to build a bigger kingdom
oLoyal subjects
Shang China
Foundations
•First written records of china history
•A metal industry based on copper, pottery making, walled towns, and divination using
animal bones
•No major army because they were isolated
State / Government (characteristics)
•Theocracy and hereditary rulers, bureaucracy and moving the capital (keep an eye on
everyone)
Keys to economy
•Agriculture, tribute
•Metal work
•Self-efficient and self-contained was a big impact on the Shang dynasty
•Began the writing system
Society (keys / characteristics)
•Writing (use of writing, advances of writing)
•Ancestor cult (worship of ancestors)
•Large scale metallurgy
•Elaborate rituals
•Social hierarchy
Southwest Asia Empires
Neo-Assyrian Empire (key defining features)
•Deportation
•Ridged social hierarchy
•Forced labor
Two parts of empire
•Ashur (Land of Ashur)
•Assyrian descendant (heart of empire)
•Conquered people (yoke)
Ideology
•Expansion (expand)
•Inequality (all led to inequality)
•Exploration (explored people)
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