CHEM 153C Lecture 2: GNG
Document Summary
Sucrose fructose (beta 1 alpha 1 gluocse nonreducing. Trehalose glucose (alpha 1 alpha 1) glucose nonreducing in insects- hemolymph, abundant in fungi (yeast) Lactose galactose (beta 1 4) glucose reducing sugar lactose intolerance. Maltose glucose (alpha 1 4) glucose reducing sugar. Reducing sugars have free anomeric carbon and convert between a cycling and linear form. The free carbon can be oxidized by cupric or ferric ions (fehlings test). Used as a test to determine if there are elevated levels of glucose in blood and urine, indicative of diabetes. Hexokinase-wide specificity, works on glucose, mannose, fructose found in muscle. Sugars are phosphorylated to keep them in the cell. Glycogen -7-10% wet weight of liver and 1-2% wet weight of a muscle cell. Equivalent concentration of glucose is 0. 4 m but because it is a polymer and insoluble, it actually contributes to a concentration of 0. 01 microm in the cell.
