HIST 3D Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Fowl Cholera, Putrefaction, Louis Pasteur
Laboratory Medicine: Bacteria to Immunity
● Harvest of Bacteriology
- Koch: effect of TB and cholera discoveries
- Pathogens found
- Own institute 1825
- Pilgrimage to Berlin
- Diphtheria
● Pasteur and Immunity
- Cholera 1878-1888
- Attenuation
- Development of anthrax vaccine
- Crucial test 1881
- Rabies 1883-1885
- Acclaim and pasteur institute
● Immunity in German Labs
- Nuttall and Humoral immunity
- Kitasato and Tetanus 1890
- Koch and Tuberculin 1890
- Antitoxin and induced immunity
● Immunity as Therapy
- Ehrlich and Behring: Diphtheria
- Anti-serum
- Immunity as stereochemistry
- Enthusiasm c 1900 for “scientific/lab medicine”
● 1878-1896
- Movement from knowledge about bacteria to knowledge about phenomena of
immunity
- Discovery of tubercle bacillus in 1882 (Koch)
- Discovery of cholera bacillus two years later
- Found causes of most deadly chronic disease and most feared epidemic disease
- Timeline of discoverie of causes of diseases:
1876: anthrax, 1882: TB, 1884: cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, strep, 1885: pneumonia,
gonorrhea, 1887: meningitis, 1889: tetanus
- Entrepreneurs develop anti-germ substances
- Friedrich Loeffler; bacteriologist
● Diphtheria
- High death rate
- Koch did a series of autopsies to find the cause
- There were no bacteria
Document Summary
Koch: effect of tb and cholera discoveries. Movement from knowledge about bacteria to knowledge about phenomena of immunity. Discovery of tubercle bacillus in 1882 (koch) Discovery of cholera bacillus two years later. Found causes of most deadly chronic disease and most feared epidemic disease. 1876: anthrax, 1882: tb, 1884: cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, strep, 1885: pneumonia, gonorrhea, 1887: meningitis, 1889: tetanus. Koch did a series of autopsies to find the cause. There were no bacteria unlike other diseases (cholera, tb), it couldn"t be found anywhere other than in the throat. What actually killed was a substance that was produced by the bacteria; picked up in the bloodstream. Antiseptic surgery (fermentation, putrefaction caused by living organisms)-- continued to work on this in the late 1860s, but his work was out-shown by what was happening in germany by the late 1870s. Fowl cholera (veterinary disease); infected chickens would die. Discovered that it was a bacterial pathogen.
