HIST 8B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Estancia, Diego Portales, Guano
Lecture 11
Chile
● 1818: Independence
● 1826: Incorporation of archipelago of Chiloe- territorial expansion
● Relative ethnic homogeneity
● Oligarchic solidarity
● Silver mines
● 1830: Diego Portales leads a Conservative coup d’etat
● Constitution of 1833
● Export-economy
○ competition w/ Peru and Bolivia for guano
○ Chilean gov defeated Peru and Bolivia
○ taxes of guano bring revenue to gov
○ President asked for guano to be taxed: oligarchies unite w/
● Army developed army early and cohesively
● Oligarchies are in charge of the political process
○ rigged elections
○ progressive leaders: local policy, public works, national development
● Chilean politics is remarkably stable
Argentina
● United Provinces of Rio de la Plata
● 1826: Bernardo Rivadavia, President
○ liberal
○ foreign trade w/ Great Britain
○ allows European immigration
● Unitarios v. Federalists
● Provincial Estancieros resent central control
● Conservatives are Federalists in Argentina
○ do not want to be dominated in the center
● 1827: Juan Manuel Rosas takes power
● Conservatism: constitutional monarchy, participation of church, parliament
● Interior provinces more conservative, Catholic, federalist
○ orient their supply to Peru
○ resistant to liberals from Buenos Aires
Rosas and the Totalitarian State
● Juan Manuel de Rosas: wealth estanciero from Buenos Aires Province
● Representative of the estancieros
● Archetypal Caudillo
● Created an army of gauchos
○ 1820s: Colorados del Monte- army of gauchos and blacks at the service of Rosas
● Paramilitary leader from ranching elite
● Advocates for the unity of provinces
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