HIST 8B Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Hacienda, Admirable Campaign, Curaçao
Lecture 7 History 8B
Bolivar Rising
● Simon Bolivar (1783-1830)
● Member of the Hacendado Oligarchy- cacao plantations
● Member of the Royal Army
● Liberal leanings- political liberty, no monarchy
● Commanded the allegiance of many of the armed bands
● Caudillos rose up with the expansion of private property (haciendas and productive
economy)
○ society that forms within the haciendas
○ trade relations w/ the surrounding regions determines the development of politics
and social relations
○ how the hacienda is organized
○ large patches of territory (llaneros) of non-cultivated land- large class of mestizos
and pardos have been using this land for hunting but at the end of the colonial
era are persecuted by hacienda owners
○ haciendo owners would arm the mestizos to fight on their behalf against
caudillos/royalist armies
■ large class of people who had never had weapons now armed and
organized under caudillos
■ llaneros exercising political power: you need their allegiance to win this
war
■ the underclass turns conservative during war
■ regional leaders rising all over the place w/ armed bands; war between
the property owners and their arm bands
● Francisco de Miranda: Supreme Commander of the Republican Army- Bolivar joins the
force
● Developments in Europe and how the conduct of politics in Spain have a direct result
from the Independence movements in Europe
● 1812: Royalists attack- Miranda surrenders in Monteverde
● Bolivar delivers Miranda to the Royalist Army
● Bolivar allowed to go to Curazao
● Patriotic Society of Caracas: liberal constitution calling for equality for all and
abolishment of fueros (military&church privileges)
○ wide divide between the criollos and half-casts
○ provisions in which the pardos are excluded from voting/owning property
○ called for keeping llanos into private property
○ 1812: royalist army sent and non-white population join the royalist forces -
royalists win
● The United Provinces of Granada: large republic that unites all the provinces around
Bogota and caudillos
○ junta rejects this idea
○ Independent state of Venezuela: remains loyal to king
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
● The Admirable Campaign: Bolivar resumes his campaign
○ declares war to death
○ bloody and ruthless war
○ proclaims a Second Republic in Caracas and becomes a dictator
● Bolivar saw how there was no cohesive program that could take place
○ starts thinking that democracy is not suitable for Latin America
○ believed there needed to be a strong leader to keep under control
○ impossibility to create a constitutional gov in the region
Rio de la Plata
● Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
● New Viceroyalty integrated into economy during Bourbon reform
● Buenos Aires capital
● Rio de Plata against trade restrictions given by Cadiz
● 1810: Junta de Buenos Aires seizes power- Liberal, Merchant elite
● Region decides to declare independence
● Provincias Unidas de Rio de la Plata
● Liberal, federalist government
● 3 Provincias remain loyal to Spain
● Conservative regions
○ Paraguay
○ Banda Oriental (Uruguay)
○ Upper Peru
● 1811-1814: three failed rebel attempts to take over Potosi
● Political vacuum w/ absence of King
● British influence in commerical and ideological spheres
● British pushing for people in the region to declare independence
● Rio de Plata opens trade w/ all nations
○ liberalize trade
○ declare all citizens regardless of race
○ non-whites not allowed in junta
● Provide goods for the mines in Upper Peru, Potosi, Lima, and Western sectors of the
empire
○ ranchers with large haciendas
■ not interested w/ breaking off w/ Spain
■ conservative
■ commerical elites (liberals in B.A) v Hacendado elites in provinces (city of
Cordoba- city of the audiencia and has a Catholic university and loyal to
Crown)
● 1813: Junta liberals include Cordoba
○ Cordoba rejects independence
Paraguay
● Land-locked ranchers controlling slaves and Indians
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Member of the hacendado oligarchy- cacao plantations. Commanded the allegiance of many of the armed bands. Caudillos rose up with the expansion of private property (haciendas and productive economy) Society that forms within the haciendas trade relations w/ the surrounding regions determines the development of politics and social relations. Francisco de miranda: supreme commander of the republican army- bolivar joins the force. Developments in europe and how the conduct of politics in spain have a direct result from the independence movements in europe. 1812: royalists attack- miranda surrenders in monteverde. Bolivar delivers miranda to the royalist army. Patriotic society of caracas: liberal constitution calling for equality for all and abolishment of fueros (military&church privileges) Wide divide between the criollos and half-casts. Provisions in which the pardos are excluded from voting/owning property. Called for keeping llanos into private property. 1812: royalist army sent and non-white population join the royalist forces - royalists win.
