HIST 8B Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Toussaint Louverture, Spanish Army, Charles Iv Of Spain
History 8B Lecture 6
Imperial Contest
● England, France, Russia, and Spain compete to dominate the Americas
● 1762: British capture Manila and Havana. The Spanish Royal Army is finally created.
Criollo officer class.
● Struggle with France over Louisiana.
● All of the liberals of Latin America took as their model the Constitution of the United
States
● Familia de Carlos IV by Goya
○ Bourbon king
○ early 19th century: Europe is in turmoil
■ French armies spreading the ideas of conservatism and anti-monarchism
1808 Downfall
● Napoleon asks Spanish King if he can cross Spain to reach Portugal and dispose the
British king
○ takes King and son as prisoners, propels King to abdicate
○ Napoleon makes his brother King
● 1776: American Revolution
● 1789: French Revolution
● 1790-1894: Haitian Independence
○ first independent Latin American country
● 1808: Napoleon invades Spain.
● 1809: King Carlos IV abdicates
○ Jose Bonaparte new king
● Ferdinand VII hostage of Napoleon
● Spanish people revolt vs. French occupiers
● Empire without a King
○ immediate crisis of political legitimacy
○ recognize French invaders or who do you recognize
○ power vacuum
● The Sleep of Reason - Goya
○ believed in Constitutionalism
○ Liberal
● Guerrillas emerged and introduced in Spain
○ Representatives of the court flee and go to Southern Spain (where French army
is has not reached)
○ Cortes establish paralell government in Cadiz
○ Declare convention that will give equal political representation for all provinces in
Empire (including the Americas)
○ Power vacuum in the colonies: viceroyalties not committing loyalty to new
government in Cadiz
Independence of Haiti
● 1789: Haitian delegates in the constituional convention in the French Etats Generaux
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○ slaves revolt
● 1791: Race war in Haiti. Touissaint L’Ouverture leads the black slaves to independence
and freedom
● 1794: Convention abolishes slavery
● 1800: Napoleon in power. Conservative reaction.
○ Toussaint L’Ouverture is captured
○ Yellow fever decimates French troops sent by Napoleon
● 1803: Louisiana Purchase
○ Napoleon desperate to collect more resources and money to defeat Haitians
● 1804: Independent Haiti
○ scared property owners in Latin America: saw how black slaves can take over
○ French ask for reparations, cripple Haiti’s political development
■ Republican ideas in Haiti never take fruition
Cortes de Cadiz
● Cortes de Cadiz does not want to stop the strong restrictions on the economic trade of
the colonies
● The colonies still do not receive equal representation
● Provincial Juntas gather in Cadiz in 1810
● Popular government v. French occupation
● Cabildos of the colonies send representatives
● Junta de Nueva Espana
● Constitution of Cadiz, 1812
● Declare independence and liberal governemnt in the name of King Ferdinand VII
● New Spain: election of provincial deputations- 1st direction election
Conspiracies in New Spain, 1809-1810
● Many conspiracies to take away power
● Bajio, Central Mexico: Main urban centers
○ nerve center to create revolutions
○ Criollos are attempting to declare independence from Spain
● Enlightened “Clubs”: liberal ideas discussion
○ Human rights
○ Political theorists
● Secret societies
○ political meetings
● “The Guadalupes”: coordination of the rebellion throughout New Spain
● Criollo program
○ program of independence
○ declare independence from King and Court of Cadiz
○ crucial to keep dominance and become independent
○ preserve constitutional monarchy with parliment
■ keep King for legitimacy
● Allegiance to Ferdinand VII
● Conspiracy in Queretaro is discovered
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
England, france, russia, and spain compete to dominate the americas. All of the liberals of latin america took as their model the constitution of the united. Early 19th century: europe is in turmoil. French armies spreading the ideas of conservatism and anti-monarchism. Napoleon asks spanish king if he can cross spain to reach portugal and dispose the. British king takes king and son as prisoners, propels king to abdicate. Representatives of the court flee and go to southern spain (where french army is has not reached) Declare convention that will give equal political representation for all provinces in. Power vacuum in the colonies: viceroyalties not committing loyalty to new government in cadiz. 1789: haitian delegates in the constituional convention in the french etats generaux. 1790-1894: haitian independence first independent latin american country. Empire without a king immediate crisis of political legitimacy recognize french invaders or who do you recognize. Touissaint l"ouverture leads the black slaves to independence and freedom.
