PHYSCI 5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Tow Truck, Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Vessel
Lipid Transportation
● Chylomicrons : Triglycerides and cholesterol
○ Vesicles that carry dietary fats //fat that we eat
○ Small intestine → liver
○ In Liver - store fat or shuttle to where needed
● HDL*
● VLDL
○ Originates in the liver and travels to body cells
○ Lots of triglycerides and cholesterol
○ As it travels from point A to B, starts to unload → release bit by bit → less
triglycerides
○ Bus becomes emptier → starts at liver and is packed with triglycerides → after a
while it becomes less triglycerides and more cholesterol
● LDL low density lipoprotein -- has less triglycerides and more cholesterol
■ Ideally, LDL end in the liver
■ But gets stuck in blood vessel → broken up but then it gets stuck on the
side of the cell → plaque and crease diameter of blood besel and slow
things down
■ LDL culprit of cardiovascular disease - look at LDL levels → risk of
cardiovascular disease with amt of LDL
■ Every individuals have LDL, and cholesterol is important chemical found
in every cell → for membrane flexibility and vitamin synthesis and steroid
hormone synthesis
■ BUT high amount makes it dangerous
○ High cholesterol in blood is bad /// LDL → get stuck in blood vessel →
cardiovascular diseases
○ High amount of it gets stuck in the blood vessels
○ Flow of blood through blood vessel isn’t affected yet, just have little bit of
cholesterol , flow of blood is normal → no major problems → car stuck on side of
road but there’s no flow impedance
■ As more blood gets stuck, raise alarm
■ As more and more gets stuck and left alone, LDL oxidation →
neighboring cells are marking those LDL (mark) to call the cleaning crew,
something is wrong :O → cells oxidize LDL someone calling for help.
■ Tow truck comes in 2 levels → to remove LDL you call
■ 1. Important form of cholesterol HDL // good cholesterol
● Want this to be high
● HDL removes cholesterol from blood and returns to liver
■ 2. Immune cells called Macrophages
● Remove the oxidized materials because they aren't supposed to
be there
● Inflammation - recruiting macrophages
○ Back to where macrophages themselves breakdown
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Document Summary
Vesicles that carry dietary fats //fat that we eat. In liver - store fat or shuttle to where needed. Originates in the liver and travels to body cells. As it travels from point a to b, starts to unload release bit by bit less triglycerides. Bus becomes emptier starts at liver and is packed with triglycerides after a while it becomes less triglycerides and more cholesterol. Ldl low density lipoprotein -- has less triglycerides and more cholesterol. But gets stuck in blood vessel broken up but then it gets stuck on the side of the cell plaque and crease diameter of blood besel and slow things down. Ldl culprit of cardiovascular disease - look at ldl levels risk of cardiovascular disease with amt of ldl. Every individuals have ldl, and cholesterol is important chemical found in every cell for membrane flexibility and vitamin synthesis and steroid hormone synthesis.