PSYCH 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Object Permanence, Longitudinal Study, Habituation
3/7/18
- Stereotypes can be:
o Inaccurate
▪ Ex: estimating if Memphis is closer to Pierre then Toronto
▪ Generally, people overestimate distances between countries
o Overused
▪ Ex: men generally can do more pull ups than women, only ON AVERAGE
▪ Crossing category boundaries makes things seem more different, and we underestimate
variability within categories
o Self perpetuation
▪ Afia Aeia ad Euopea Aeia’s test pefoae is affeted if the hae to
list their race before taking the test
o Stubborn
▪ If people have generally bad feeling about black people, they will say Obama is okay
because he is part of a sub-group that has the stereotype
o Automatic
▪ Implicit Association Test: learning associations between different things
- Attribution theory: we tend to give causal eplaatios fo people’s ehaio
o Dispositional
o Situational
- Fundamental attribution error: tendency to overestimate dispositional influences and underestimate
situatioal ifluees o soeoe else’s ehaio
o We make this error even when we are given the correct facts
o We ted to assue it’s o the, thei fault
- Actor-observer effect: he e take a had test, e do’t assue it’s ou fault e sa it’s the teahe’s
fault
- Culture matters: stereotypical American is more unlikely to take fault of something
Developmental Psychology
- Development is continuous
- The study of continuity and change across the life span, not just infants and children
- Nature and nurture
- Different perspectives: cognitive, social, emotional, moral
- Periods of development: prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood
- Development starts at conception
o Zygote → embryo → fetus
o Teatoges: athig that a ipai the eo o fetus’ deelopet
▪ Ex: drugs, alcohol, bacteria, viruses, and chemicals
▪ Fetal alcohol syndrome
o Ex:
▪ “ukig speed ieases if othe’s voice is heard
▪ Inclination towards native language
▪ The Cat in the Hat study – estimated that they had hear 5 hours worth of Cat in the Hat
when they were in the womb, and when they were born they sucked faster when they
heard the Cat in the Hat being read to them
- Developmental milestones (time may be different): happens without prompting, happens naturally
- Infant challenge
o The do’t speak
o The a’t follo istutios
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
If people have generally bad feeling about black people, they will say obama is okay because he is part of a sub-group that has the stereotype: automatic. Implicit association test: learning associations between different things. Attribution theory: we tend to give causal e(cid:454)pla(cid:374)atio(cid:374)s fo(cid:396) people"s (cid:271)eha(cid:448)io(cid:396: dispositional, situational. Fundamental attribution error: tendency to overestimate dispositional influences and underestimate situatio(cid:374)al i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)es o(cid:374) so(cid:373)eo(cid:374)e else"s (cid:271)eha(cid:448)io(cid:396: we make this error even when we are given the correct facts, we te(cid:374)d to assu(cid:373)e it"s o(cid:374) the(cid:373), thei(cid:396) fault. Actor-observer effect: (cid:449)he(cid:374) (cid:449)e take a ha(cid:396)d test, (cid:449)e do(cid:374)"t assu(cid:373)e it"s ou(cid:396) fault (cid:449)e sa(cid:455) it"s the tea(cid:272)he(cid:396)"s fault. Culture matters: stereotypical american is more unlikely to take fault of something. The study of continuity and change across the life span, not just infants and children. Periods of development: prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood.