SOC GEN 5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cytoplasm, Nucleoid, Beta-Lactamase
Document Summary
Dna transcription (copying) rna (transport to ribosomes) translation (to ribosomes to create ) polypeptide subunits (proteins) Differences between bacteria/humans = prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes: nucleoid vs. nucleus/nucleolus. Vs. penicillin (bacteria-cidal) which is toxic to bacteria upon contact. What"s a protein: folded chemical amino acid chains chains (3d specificity, all enzymes are proteins (but not all proteins are enzymes) Other intervention areas in bacteria to cause cell death: outer membrane (gram-neg. orgs, chromosome, cell membrane, peptidoglycan in cell walls, cytoplasm metabolic pathways (sulfonamides) How do antibiotics stop working: how they work = how they stop working, resistant vs. susceptible = not effective vs. still effective, process, pump, break, change i) ii) Pump: efflux pump develops to spit antibiotic out once its identified. Break: attack antibiotic directly (w/ degrading enzyme) (1) ex: penicillinase: substrate binds to penicillin and breaks it down (2) same with beta-lactamase iii) Change: target is redirected elsewhere (w/ altering enzyme)
