CHEM 1104 Lecture 1: one note 1

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tangnu163

22 Sep 2016

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Chemistry= the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo. Scientific method= questions and problems, hypothesis, experimental design, data collection, data analysis, conclusion, communication. A hypothesis is an explanation for the observation, question, or problem. It provides a purpose for doing the experiment, and must be testable. It predicts the results and often has a reason associated with it. Can take many forms: binary, causative, relationship. Fact= something agreed upon by competent observers as being true. Scientific law/ natural law/ principle= a hypothesis that has been tested and supported by experimental data over and over again and has not been contradicted. This simply tells what happens, but does not explain why. Hypothesis- wood transforms mostly to gaseous materials as it burns. Law: the mass of the products of a reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants.

Related Questions

please help me answer some science questions:

Question 1: Choose all answers that correctly complete the following statement:

Science is...

Question 1 options:

A)	a set of careful steps followed in order by people in lab coats.

B)	just a collection of facts.

C)	a process of learning about the natural world.

D)	unchanging and static - once we know a scientific fact it does not change.

E)	a method that can answer any question.

F)	testing ideas with evidence.

Question 2 : "What is the meaning of life?" is a question that cannot be answered by science because

Question 2 options:

A)	it is not an interesting enough question for scientists.

B)	it involves collaboration with others to fully answer.

C)	it deals with supernatural explanations.

D)	it only has one answer.

Question 3 : Ignaz Semmelweis wanted to explain the high rates childbed fever mortality in his hospital in the 1800s. How did he use science?

Question 3 options:

A)	He wore a lab coat while in the maternity ward. He did not wear a lab coat in the rest of the hospital.

B)	He tested the idea that doctors caused the deaths by comparing mortality rates of patients treated by doctors that disinfected their hands (in between patients) with the mortality rates of patients that had dirty-handed doctors.

C)	He read a scientific journal about bacterial causes of childbed fever.

D)	He changed birthing procedures so that women gave birth on their sides and were assisted by doctors that disinfected their hands.

Question 4 : When determining which hypothesis or model to accept, scientists should

Question 4 options:

A)	choose the most popular explanation.

B)	choose the hypothesis supported by evidence.

C)	go with their favorite hypothesis (as long as it's still shiny).

D)	support the most recent hypothesis to be proposed as a plausible explanation.

Question 5: What happens when new evidence does not support a current scientific hypothesis (or current understanding of a natural phenomenon)?

Choose all that are correct.

Question 5 options:

A)	We should re-evaluate the current understanding and possibly reject past ideas based on the new evidence.

B)	The scientific community labels the scientist that collected the evidence as an unreliable quack.

C)	Scientists throw out the new evidence since obviously the experimental design must be flawed.

D)	Scientists should test the idea in a novel way (inspire new ideas) to determine if the new evidence is consistent with a new understanding.

Question 6: To gain entrance to the Science club, you should:

Question 6 options:

A)	fabricate your data often to support your favorite hypothesis.

B)	take all the credit for yourself.

C)	check all the boxes on the science checklist. If you miss even one, you're denied your scientist ID card.

D)	behave scientifically (preferably in a lab coat).

Question 7 : Choose all the answers that correctly complete the following statement:

Scientists interact with the scientific community by...

Question 7 options:

A)	speaking at conferences.

B)	locking themselves in ivory towers.

C)	being inspired by other scientists and testing their ideas in new and novel ways.

D)	only listening to NPR (National Public Radio) on Science Fridays.

E)	publishing in science journals.

Question 8: Which of the following questions CANNOT be answered using the scientific method?

Question 8 options:

A)	How does migration affect the reproductive success of monarch butterflies?

B)	Should local communities invest money in sustainable farming practices instead of new infrastructure (e.g., roads and bridges)?

C)	How does coastal development affect wetland biodiversity (number and types of organisms present)?

D)	Is water a toxic substance?

E)	Do pesticides cause developmental changes in frogs?

Question 9 : Choose all of the following answers that correctly completes the following statement:

Representing the scientific method in a linear, cookbook sequence:

Question 9 options:

A)	incorporates the important concept of testing ideas with evidence

B)	does not capture how science really works.

C)	is too simplified.

D)	incorrectly implies that there is an endpoint to science. (If the scientific method is a simple progression, once a valid conclusion is reached, science is done!)

CHEM 1104 Lecture 1: one note 1

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