CFD 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Kilogram, Maltose, Sucrose
1 May 2018
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Chapter 12- Nutrition Basics
Nutritional Requirements: Components of a Healthy Diet
• Essential nutrients: those we must get from food
o Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water
▪ Macronutrients
▪ Micronutrients
o These nutrients are available to the body through digestion
o An adequate diet must provide nutrients and energy
Energy
• Kilocalories (kcal) are the measure of energy in food
o 2000 kcal per day typically meets a person’s energy needs
o Energy is the capacity to do work; calories measure energy
o Sources of energy:
▪ Fat = 9 calories per gram
▪ Protein = 4 calories per gram
▪ Carbohydrates = 4 calories per gram
The Six Major Classes of Dietary Components
Proteins—The Basis of Body Structure
• Proteins form parts of muscle, bone, blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes
o Amino acids: the building blocks of proteins
▪ There are 20 common amino acids
▪ 9 are essential
▪ 11 are nonessential—meaning the body can produce them
• Complete proteins provide all essential amino acids
o Most animal proteins are complete proteins
o Most plant proteins are incomplete proteins
▪ Legumes, nuts
▪ Certain combinations yield complete proteins
• Recommended protein intake:
o 0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight
o AMDR: 10–35% of total daily calorie intake
Protein Content of Common Food Items
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