CFD 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Coronary Artery Disease, Miscarriage
1 May 2018
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• No safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy
• Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) in early pregnancy
• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
o Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
o Cause of lifelong disability
o Alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder (ARND)
o Children appear physically normal but often have significant learning and
behavior disorders
• Alcohol consumed by a nursing mother quickly enters her milk
Possible Health Benefits of Alcohol
• Light to moderate drinkers live longer than abstainers or heavy drinkers
o No more than 1 drink per day for women, 2 drinks per day for men
• Risks and benefits vary with age
o 35 and younger, odds of dying increase in proportion to the amount of alcohol
consumed
• Lower rates of coronary heart disease (CHD)
o Raises blood levels of HDL
Excessive Use of Alcohol
• Alcoholic use disorder
o Two criteria indicate at least a mild disorder; more than four—alcoholism
o Criteria include:
o Alcohol often consumed in large amounts over a long period
o Unsuccessful efforts to control alcohol use
o Excessive time spent in using alcohol or recovering from its effects
o A strong desire or craving to use alcohol
• Alcoholic use disorder criteria (continued)
o Persistent alcohol use, causing a failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or
home
o Continued alcohol use despite recurrent physical or psychological problems
caused by the effects of alcohol
o Important social or recreational activities reduced because of alcohol use
o Persistent alcohol use in situations that are physically risky
o A need for increased amounts of alcohol to achieve a desired effect (increased
tolerance)
o Symptoms of withdrawal, such as sweating, increased pulse rate, hand tremor,
insomnia, nausea, and anxiety
Statistics on Alcohol Use
• CDC estimates that about 60% of Americans 18 and older drink alcohol routinely or
infrequently
o 15% are former drinkers
o 25% are lifetime abstainers
• In 2012, almost 7% of Americans were classified as heavy alcohol users
• Excessive alcohol use causes 80,000 deaths a year
o Third leading lifestyle-related cause of death
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