CHEM 1128Q Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Boiling Point, Intermolecular Force, Gas Laws

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CHEM 1128Q Full Course Notes

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Chem 1128q - lecture 1 - chapter 10 - 1/16/18. *in this lecture we also covered the syllabus. *this information will not be on the exam, however it was reviewed. Liquids and solids are very different from gas. 1) liquids and solids are essentially in molecular contact with each other. Ideal gas law assu(cid:373)ed that i(cid:374)te(cid:396)(cid:373)olecula(cid:396) collisio(cid:374)s did(cid:374)"t (cid:373)atte(cid:396). 2) because atoms in liquids and solids are so close to each other intermolecular forces that we ignored in gas equations are very important. As long as there is liquid in the container there is an amount of vapor in the container equal to the vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is independent of the volume. The vapor pressure of a liquid increases as the temperature rises. Vp is 24 mmhg at 25 . Vp is 92 mmhg at 50 . To make a linear plot, the natural logarithm is required.

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WORD BANK:

Atomic solids

Body-centered cubic

Boiling point

Condensation

Covalent atomic solids

Crystal lattice

Crystalline solids

Distillate

Distillation

Dynamic equilibrium

Evaporation

Face-centered cubic

Freezing

Freezing point

Ionic solids

Intramolecular

Interionic forces

Intermolecular forces

Liquid State

Macromolecule

Melting

Melting point

Metallic atomic solids

Molar heat of fusion

Molar heat of vaporization

Molecular solids

Non-bonding atomic solids

Non-crystalline (amorphous) solids

Properties of Liquids

Properties of Solids

Simple cubic

Solid State

Sublimation

Surface tension

Surfactants

Vapor pressure

Vaporization

Viscosity

Wetting action

Use the Vocabulary words above to complete the following sentences words can be used more than once, some words are not be used.

d. The molecules of a ________ are in constant motion. e. The __________ of a liquid is related to the shape of the molecules that make up the liquid. f. The force of attraction that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and form a âbeadâ or spherical drop is called? _________ _______ g. Chemical that reduce surface tension are called? __________ h. A liquids ability to spread out evenly over a surface as a thin film is called itâs? _________ _______ i. ____________ is the process by which molecules of a liquid break away and go into the gas phase. j. When the molecules of a volatile liquid jump to gas phase it is called _________. k. The reverse of evaporation (the conversion of a vapor to a liquid) is called? _________ l. When the rate at which the water is evaporating is equal to the rate at which the water vapor is condensing, you have established a __________ _________. m. ________ _______ is the partial pressure of a gas in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid. n. ________ _______ is when the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure. o. Boiling point can be used to purify a solution of two or more substances by ________. p. The condensed vapor sample is called the? ________ q. The exact quantity of heat required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at constant pressure and temperature is called the ________ ________ ___ __________. r. In ________________ __________ the particles do not have a definite or regular order (there is no repeating pattern throughout the solid). s. In ____________ __________, the particles are arranged in regular, systematic patterns called a ________ _________. t. The three different types of crystal lattices based on the cube are? ________ ______, _____________ ______, and ___________, ________. u. The three types of atomic solids include _________ _____, ___________ ______, and __________ ________.

Converting between Units of Pressure Gases are different from solids and liquids. In a sample of gas, the molecules are far apart. The gas molecules also move around and collide with each other as well as with the walls of the container. These collisions generate pressure. The pressure of a gas can be measured in different units. One convenient unit of measure is called the atmosphere (atm) because it is based on atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the average pressure is 1 atm. As you get higher in altitude, the pressure steadily drops until you leave the atmosphere, where the pressure is very close to 0 atm. The table below shows the different commonly used units of measuring gas pressure. Use this table in the pressure unit conversions. Unit Abbreviation 1 atm equivalent atmosphere atm 1.00 atm (exact) millimeters of mercury mmHg 760 mmHg torr torr 760 torr inches of mercury in.Hg 29.9 in.Hg pounds per square inch (psi) lb/in.2 14.7 lb/in.2 pascal Pa 101,325 Pa.

Part C

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a method used in chemistry and biochemistry to purify chemical substances. The pressures used in this procedure range from around 500 kilopascals (500,000 Pa) to about 60,000 kPa (60,000,000 Pa). It is often convenient to know the pressure in torr. If an HPLC procedure is running at a pressure of 5.81Ã10⁸ Pa , what is its running pressure in torr?

Express the pressure numerically in torr.

CHEM 1128Q Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Boiling Point, Intermolecular Force, Gas Laws

CHEM 1128Q Full Course Notes

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