EEB 2202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Microevolution, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Antimicrobial Resistance

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sapphiredog102

16 Feb 2017

School

UConn

Department

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Course

EEB 2202

Professor

Carl Schlichting

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Document Summary

Changes that push population away from hardy weinberg equilibrium: Evolutionary forces: mutation, selection, genetic drift, non-random mating, gene (allele) flow. Mutation: typically occurs at such a low rate that it has little or no effect on overall allele frequencies, only time is has significant effect is when population is very small. Its prime importance lies in the generation of genetic variation in the form of new alleles. Important in long term for generation new alleles: provides raw material for subsequent evolution. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. These variations can be inherited: darwin"s inferences: As populations grow, organisms will compete for available resources. Variations in traits can help in competition, survival or. Theory of natural selection reproduction are advantageous: charles darwin and alfred russel wallace. If organisms face ecological challenges and variation in phenotypic traits results in differential survival or reproduction. Then those favorable traits will increase in frequency in subsequent generations.

Related Questions

I need this in 15 min!Please help!!!1

A gene in a population of sexually reproducing organisms with the following genotype frequencies is at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: BB 100, Bb 800, bb 100

A) true B)false C) can not be determined

Which of the following evolutionary forces would be the best explanation for the genotype frequencies in the population in the above question?

A) genetic drift B) there are no evolutionary forces acting on this gene population C)assortive mating D) Overdominance E)Directional selection

If a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following allele frequencies would yield the smallest number of heterozygotes? A)

A=0.25, B=0.75 B) A=0.75, B=0.25

C)A=0.50, B=0.50

D)A=0.10, B=0.90

Fixation occurs when one allele becomes the only allele for a gene in a population, meaning that all other alleles for that gene have been lost. True or false

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44.Why donât similar genotypes always produce the same phenotype?

A. Parent alter their phenotype and pass on this phenotype to progeny

B. Phenotype is the product of many environmental influences

C. Genetic variations of ADH enzyme produce the same phenotype

D. Animals display different phenotypes dependent on diet, not genotype

46.Which of the following attributes has the least effect on the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation?

A. spas of mating privileges

B. more efficient at obtaining food

C. produces more offspring

D. camouflage from predators

47.âUntil the agricultural evolution 10,000 years ago, people used to live in small populations with little gene flow between them. That is the best situation for rapid evolution.â said Sewall Wright. one of the founders of population genetics. This conclusion on gene flow conflicts with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, which states that no gene flow means

A. natural selection

B. no evolution

C. no random mating

D. no genetic drift

58 Larval flies (maggots) express the Ubx gene in all of their segments, and thereby lack appendages. If this same gene continued to be expressed throughout subsequent developmental stages, except in the head region, and if the result was a fit, sexually mature organism that still strongly resembled a maggot, this would be an example of

A. homochrony

B. exaptation

C. paedomorphosis.

D. adaptive radiation

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Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Question 31 pts

Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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Question 41 pts

The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

B. The dark moths survived better after pollution levelsincreased because they were not poisoned by the pollutants

C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution

D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.