HIST 1400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Pope Leo X, Good Works, European Atomic Energy Community
Dante DeCesare
Professor Eddie
History 1400
Notes
Notes 1/31/18
The Protestant Revolution Discussion
Christian Faiths
a. Catholic
i. Institutional
1. Hierarchal
a. Pope = Top
2. Faith and Good works gets you to heaven
a. Free Will
3. *Based on Bible
4. Everything should be in Latin
5. Church should be elaborate
b. Protestant
i. *Faith Alone can get you to heaven
1. Predetermined path
a. No free will
ii. Splinter Groups
1. Lutheranism
a. Led by Martin Luther
iii. Should be in your Native language
iv. “Keep it simple stupid”
1. Church should be simple
v. *Everyone has direct connection to god
Pope Leo X, “Condemning the Errors of Martin Luther” (1520, Rome)
1. State involvement in churches
2. Uses “we” to embody church
a. Addresses himself as a monarch
i. “Appointed by God”
3. Calls Lutheran “Simple Minded”
a. Says church must have hierarchy
i. Higher up you are closer to god
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b. Indulgences are only for those who can't do it themselves
Martin Luther, “On the freedom of a Christian” (1520, Germany)
1. Religious power is more important than secular power
2. As long as you believe nothing can hurt you
3.
Notes 2/5/18
The Scientific Revolution:
1. Christianity + Astronomy did not mesh
a. Everyone was a “Devout” Christian at this time
2. Challenges Authority of ancient greeks and romans
a. Especially Astronomy
i. Ptolemaic Model
1. Earth at center of the Universe
a. “We Don’t feel like we’re moving so we are not moving”
ii. Copernican Model
1. Earth not center of Universe
iii. Planets orbit in perfect circles
1. God does not make anything imperfect
3. “The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies”, Nicolaus Copernicus (1543, Poland)
a. Says Sun is center of the earth
i. Publishes book on his deathbed
1. Church wouldn’t be happy with it
a. Believed Humans were center of earth and Copernicus
doesn't
4. “The Crime of Galileo”, Cardinals of Inquisition (1633, Rome)
a. First Telescope
i. Discovers the Moon is a place just like Earth
ii. Funded by the Medicis
1. Powerful family
a. Funded arts
5. Isaac Newton died a VIRGIN.
a. Huge Loser
b. Invented Calculus
i. Fucked me my whole high school career
6.
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The (European) Renaissance:
1. Fall of Constantinople
a. Last of the Roman Empire
i. At Same time King Ferdinand is reuniting spain from the Muslims in the
east
Constantine
b. First roman emperor to convert to christianity
i. Said the church owns the Roman Empire
Notes 2/12/2018
How to Order Society
● The Wars of Religion Ends
○ Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
■ Ends with Peace of Westphalia
● Creates Borders for States
○ End to Catholic/Protestant wars of religion that began in 1522
○ Concept of Nation-State Emerges
■ People Unify under a Government
○ Relatively Same concepts of power
■ Balance of power
● Militaries are all similar
● Keep each other in line
● Science Enters Government
○ Scientists, Philosophers, etc. come together to pool information
■ Govt. Funded
● The Organization of Society
○ Great Chain of Being (Spiritual Hierarchy)
■ God
■ Angels
■ Humans
● Saints
● Kings
● Everyone Else
■ Animals
■ Plants
■ Inanimate objects
■ Undergrads
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