HIST 1400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Nuclear Energy Agency, Harold Macmillan, Monnet Plan
Notes 4/25/18
European Unification
● Historical Precedents
○ Napoleon: The ‘Continental System’
○ Hitler: The ‘New Order of Europe’
Postwar First Steps
● Winston Churchill proposes the ‘United States of Europe’ in 1946
○ Only for continent
■ Does not include Britain
● Established in much more basic form as the council of europe in 1949
● Goal: Western solidarity against communism
● 1949: NATO established
European Coal and Steel Commission (ECSC)
● 1946: Monnet Plan
○ France to control Rhineland of Germany;implemented in 1949 when West
Germany established
● 1952: ECSC established as replacement for French occupation of Rhineland; West
Germany granted NATO membership; Marshall Plan ends
European Economic Community (EEC)
● 1957: Treaty of Rome creates European Economic Community
● 1967: EEC, ECSC, Euratom (European Nuclear energy Agency) merge to form European
Community (EC)
● 1966: France withdraws from NATO military alliance
Britain and Europe
● 1961-1962: UK first applies to join European Economic Community (EEC) under
Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan; Vetoed by French President Charles de
Gaulle
● 1967: UK applies again to join EEC under Labour
1980s Expansion
● UKs 1973 entry accompanied by its fellow EFTA members, ensuring EEC dominance
● In 1980’s, Greece, Spain, and Portugal enter EEC - All extremely poor, and very recently
dictatorships, shifting dynamic of EEC members
1990’s
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Document Summary
Winston churchill proposes the united states of europe" in 1946. Established in much more basic form as the council of europe in 1949. France to control rhineland of germany;implemented in 1949 when west. 1952: ecsc established as replacement for french occupation of rhineland; west. 1957: treaty of rome creates european economic community. 1967: eec, ecsc, euratom (european nuclear energy agency) merge to form european. 1966: france withdraws from nato military alliance. 1961-1962: uk first applies to join european economic community (eec) under. Conservative prime minister harold macmillan; vetoed by french president charles de. 1967: uk applies again to join eec under labour. Uks 1973 entry accompanied by its fellow efta members, ensuring eec dominance. In 1980"s, greece, spain, and portugal enter eec - all extremely poor, and very recently dictatorships, shifting dynamic of eec members. 1990: germany reunified;remains in nato and eec despiet soviet opposition. 1991: warsaw pact and comecon dissolve with the ussr; eec members draft treaty of maastricht.