LING 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Hemoglobin, Neuroimaging, Lexicon
Option 2: Neuroimaging
o Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): allows measuring of the location and density of
any element in the body
• Typically used to measure and locate the density of hydrogen atoms, as these
are abundant in the body
• Different tissues in the body have different amounts of hydrogen
• Performs three functions
1. Applies constant strong magnetic field
2. Fires pulses of RF to mis-align the hydrogen atoms
3. Detects the emission of RF pulses by re-aligning hydrogen atoms
• Structural MRI: looking at anatomy. Measure the location and density of
hydrogen to create an image of the anatomical structures inside the body
▪ Since the body is three dimensional, look at MRIs and "slices"
▪ There are three ways to slice
• Axial - looks at brain from below in a series of images, start at chin
and move to top of head
• Coronal - looks at brain from side, series of images from one ear to
another
• Sagittal - looks at brain from behind, series of images starting in
back and moving to face
• Function MRI (fMRI): looking at the (de)oxygenated hemoglobin instead of
hydrogen
▪ Shows which areas of the brain are active
▪ Idea is that brain areas that are used for a cognitive task require more
oxygen, so the circulatory system will send more oxygenated blood to
those areas
▪ fMRI can detect magnetic difference in deoxyhemoglobin and
oxyhemoglobin, showing how much oxygen in I a cortex at that time
Neuroimaging and Language
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