PNB 2265 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Pylorus, Soft Palate, Achalasia
31 Mar 2017
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Breast milk is fatty so this is good: protective. Hco3: secreted by parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands (autonomic regulation!) Upper esophageal sphincter: skeletal so you can do it on command. Bolus movement is due to pressure changes: always movement going on. Esophageal pressure reduced by: caffeine, alcohol, cigarettes, chocolate. Why is low pressure bad: it can be lower than in stomach. Things come back up sphincter and you get gerd: can"t swallow. Gastroesophageal reflux: open les (relaxed sm) Achalasia: can"t open lower sphincter: sphincters are very important, high pressure in bottom of esophagus. Biggest part of the stomach: antrum. Gastric emptying into small intestine: pyloric sphincter. Has to be expandable to fit your food: distal. Flattens to allow stomach to increase in volume: oblique layer. Helps to have more forceful contractions to mix food with juices, and to send to small intestine. All on basolateral membrane because it is facing the blood stream. Activating: gq, increased calcium, pkc, phosphorylation, histamine:
