PVS 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Somatic Cell, Genetic Disorder, Ploidy
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17 Mar 2018
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Genetic disorder - abnormality in an individual"s dna. 67% of all people acquiring genetic diseases. 50% of spontaneous abortions are due to chromosomal abnormality. 1% of newborns have some form of chromosomal abnormality. Chromosome complement - the complete set of chromosomes, humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Number of chromosomes does not correlate with the complexity of the organism. Mutation in germ cell - transmitted to offspring. Somatic cell - not transmitted to offspring but can still cause disease. Dna repair genes correct mutations in dna. Hiv binds to the ccr5 receptor, but some people do not have the ccr5 receptor, making these individuals immune to hiv virus = beneficial mutation. Those carrying the sickle cell gene have an advantage as they are less susceptible to malaria and do not have sickle cell anemia. Loss or gain of whole chromosome: nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis i or ii. Trisomy 21: 47 chromosomes, extra chromosome 21 (nondisjunction.
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