ESS 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Hip, Pelvis, Coccyx
30 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
The thigh and LPH (lumbo, pelvic, hips) complex
Very stable because it is very skeletal and center of the body
-
Not frequent injury rate
-
Thigh and LPH complex
Fewer incidence of injury versus the knee and lower leg
-
Can suffer trauma from sports activities
-
Thigh strains and contusions
-
Chronic and overuse affecting thigh and hip
-
Basic anatomy
Thigh
Part of the leg between the hip and the knee
○
-
Femur
Longest and strongest bone in the body,
○
Designed for maximum support and mobility during weight-bearing
activity
○
Head of femur articulates with pelvis to form the hip joint
1.
Femoral condyles articulate with tibia at knee joint
2.
Allows for range of movements
○
-
Pelvis
A bony ring formed by the sacrum and the coccyx
○
Functions to support the spine and trunk
○
Transfers weight to the lower limbs
○
Provides skeletal support
○
Hip and pelvis from form the core
○
-
Ligaments
Hip joint is formed by the femur and the pelvis
Stabilized by iliofemoral ligament
○
-
Sacrum is joint to the pelvis by sacroiliac joint and ligament
-
Thigh muscles
4 quadriceps (anterior)
Rectus femorus
Acts to flex the hip and extend the knee
§
○
-
3 hamstring muscles (posterior)
Knee flexion and hip extension
○
-
Adductor group (5 medial muscles)
-
Hip muscles
Anterior group:
Ilacus and psoac
Flex the thigh
§
○
-
Posterior group:
TFL and gluteus Medius
Abduct the thigh
§
○
Gluteus maximus- extends the thigh
○
Gluteus minimus- internally rotates the thigh
○
-
Outward rotators (6)
Piriformis
○
-
Assessment of the thigh
-History
○Onset (sudden or slow?0
○Previous history?
○Mechanism of injury?
○Pain description, intensity, quality, duration, type and location?
-Observation
○Postural symmetry?
○Size, deformity, swelling, discoloration?
○Skin color and texture? Is athlete in obvious pain?
○Is the athlete willing to move the thigh?
-Palpation
○Soft tissue of the thigh (anterior, posterior, medial, lateral) should be
palpated for pain and tenderness
○Bony palpation should also be performed to locate areas of pain/
discomfort
○Utilize palpation to assess body symmetry
Special tests
-Thomas test
○Test for hip range of motion
○
-Straight leg raise
○Test for hip extensor tightness
○Hip to 90 degrees
○Can also be used to assess low back, SI joint dysfunction, sciatic nerve
pain
○
Prevention of thigh injuries
-Thigh must have maximum strength, endurance, and extensibility to withstand
strain
-The key is flexibility and strengthening
-Dynamic stretching programs may aid in muscle preparation for activity
-Strengthen programs can also help in preventing injuries
○Squats, lunge, leg press
○Core strengthening
Lecture 10
Monday, April 30, 2018
9:02 AM
The thigh and LPH (lumbo, pelvic, hips) complex
Very stable because it is very skeletal and center of the body
-
Not frequent injury rate
-
Thigh and LPH complex
Fewer incidence of injury versus the knee and lower leg
-
Can suffer trauma from sports activities
-
Thigh strains and contusions
-
Chronic and overuse affecting thigh and hip
-
Basic anatomy
Thigh
Part of the leg between the hip and the knee
○
-
Femur
Longest and strongest bone in the body,
○
Designed for maximum support and mobility during weight-bearing
activity
○
Head of femur articulates with pelvis to form the hip joint1.
Femoral condyles articulate with tibia at knee joint 2.
Allows for range of movements
○
-
Pelvis
A bony ring formed by the sacrum and the coccyx
○
Functions to support the spine and trunk
○
Transfers weight to the lower limbs
○
Provides skeletal support
○
Hip and pelvis from form the core
○
-
Ligaments
Hip joint is formed by the femur and the pelvis
Stabilized by iliofemoral ligament
○
-
Sacrum is joint to the pelvis by sacroiliac joint and ligament
-
Thigh muscles
4 quadriceps (anterior)
Rectus femorus
Acts to flex the hip and extend the knee
§
○
-
3 hamstring muscles (posterior)
Knee flexion and hip extension
○
-
Adductor group (5 medial muscles)
-
Hip muscles
Anterior group:
Ilacus and psoac
Flex the thigh
§
○
-
Posterior group:
TFL and gluteus Medius
Abduct the thigh
§
○
Gluteus maximus- extends the thigh
○
Gluteus minimus- internally rotates the thigh
○
-
Outward rotators (6)
Piriformis
○
-
Assessment of the thigh
-History
○Onset (sudden or slow?0
○Previous history?
○Mechanism of injury?
○Pain description, intensity, quality, duration, type and location?
-Observation
○Postural symmetry?
○Size, deformity, swelling, discoloration?
○Skin color and texture? Is athlete in obvious pain?
○Is the athlete willing to move the thigh?
-Palpation
○Soft tissue of the thigh (anterior, posterior, medial, lateral) should be
palpated for pain and tenderness
○Bony palpation should also be performed to locate areas of pain/
discomfort
○Utilize palpation to assess body symmetry
Special tests
-Thomas test
○Test for hip range of motion
○
-Straight leg raise
○Test for hip extensor tightness
○Hip to 90 degrees
○Can also be used to assess low back, SI joint dysfunction, sciatic nerve
pain
○
Prevention of thigh injuries
-Thigh must have maximum strength, endurance, and extensibility to withstand
strain
-The key is flexibility and strengthening
-Dynamic stretching programs may aid in muscle preparation for activity
-Strengthen programs can also help in preventing injuries
○Squats, lunge, leg press
○Core strengthening
Lecture 10
Monday, April 30, 2018 9:02 AM
Document Summary
The thigh and lph (lumbo, pelvic, hips) complex. Very stable because it is very skeletal and center of the body. Fewer incidence of injury versus the knee and lower leg. Part of the leg between the hip and the knee. Designed for maximum support and mobility during weight-bearing activity. Head of femur articulates with pelvis to form the hip joint. Femoral condyles articulate with tibia at knee joint. A bony ring formed by the sacrum and the coccyx. Hip joint is formed by the femur and the pelvis. Sacrum is joint to the pelvis by sacroiliac joint and ligament. Acts to flex the hip and extend the knee. Soft tissue of the thigh (anterior, posterior, medial, lateral) should be palpated for pain and tenderness. Bony palpation should also be performed to locate areas of pain/ discomfort discomfort. Can also be used to assess low back, si joint dysfunction, sciatic nerve pain.
