HIST 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Eurasian Steppe, Neolithic Revolution, Fertile Crescent
Document Summary
10,000 bce- start of neolithic revolution in near east. 9,000-7,000 bce- farming villages like jericho and catal huyuk appear in. 4,000 bce- horse domestication, wheel/axle in eurasian steppe. 3,500 bce- bronze metallurgy in near east. 3,300 bce- writing first appears in mesopotamia (and shortly afterward in egypt) Neolothic revolution (greek-(cid:862)new tone(cid:863): rise of agriculture/domestication of animals, pottery/wheel, different times in different places, middle east-quickest and earliest. What components are necessary for civilization: domestication, mettalurgy, specialization of labor, *large scale agriculture, writing, pottery, monumental architecture, trade, wheel, organization of labor. The old view of the emergence of civilization: diffusion model- large scale agriculture and civilization emerged in mesopotamia/ egypt and spread to the rest of the world. The current view: long,slow process, hunter-gatherer settlements in jordan (18,000 bce, signs of early trade (sea shells, huts and burials. Gradual shift to agriculture and domestication: from collection to selection:early transformation to farming, domesticating the predator- scavangers (dogs and cats, domesticating herding animals.
