BIOL 20A Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Lipid Bilayer, Biological Membrane, Facilitated Diffusion
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16 Nov 2017
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The phospholipid bilayer is 6 nanometers across. The whole membrane, including membrane proteins, is 10 nanometers across! Biological membranes contain both lipids and proteins. Proteins are islands floating in a sea of lipids. Biological membranes are semi-permeable barriers (they only let certain molecules across, and on their own conditions) Permeable to small, uncharged molecules (even if polar) Highly impermeable to ions and other molecules (the bilayer is nonpolar, so it can"t stand charged atoms and/or molecules!) Transport proteins allow regulated transport of polar and charged molecules across biological membranes. Three general classes of transport across membranes. Small, uncharged molecules diffused across bilayer membrane down the concentration gradient. Diffusion occurs until molecules are randomly distributed on both sides of the membrane. Osmosis: special form of passive diffusion involving water. Hypotonic: the solute concentration outside the cell is lower. Isotonic: solute concentrations are equal inside and outside the cell. Hypertonic: solute concentration outside the cell is higher.
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