COGS 17 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Multipolar Neuron, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Neuroglia
19 May 2018
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Department
Course
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Lec 3A - Neural Functioning
● The cell
○ Endoplasmic reticulum
○ Ribosomes
○ Nucleus
○ Free ribosomes
○ Mitochondria
■ Organelles that provide energy for metabolic processes
(requires energy)
○ Cell membrane
■ Made of phospholipids
■ Protein molecules embedded in the membrane
○ DNA
● Glial cells
○ Glia cells there to support neuronal processes
■ 1/10 size of a neuron
■ 10x as many, half of brain by weight
○ Astrocyte
■ Type of glia cell that contributes to blood brain barrier
■ Livers of the food to the brain → deliver sugars to cells that
need energy to proceed in metabolic processes
■ Recirculate cell waste and excess substance
○ Microglial cell
■ Almost like white blood cells in brain
■ Not allowed across blood brain barrier
■ Has own system with damage or dying cells
○ Oligodendrocyte
■ Myelin cell
■ Myelination
■ Help speed up signals conducting between cells
○ Ependymal cell
■ Glial cells that line the surface of the ventricles
■ Produce cerebrospinal fluid
● The neuron - principal structures or regions of a multipolar neuron
○ Axon
■ Outgoing branch of the information flow
■ Messages flow from soma through axon to dendrites and then
to terminal buttons → can make multiple connections
■ Only one axon per neuron
○ Soma
■ Cell body
■ Has same attributes as a normal cell
○ dendrite
■ Branches that emanate from the cell
■ Receiving end of information from previous neuron
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Document Summary
Organelles that provide energy for metabolic processes. Glia cells there to support neuronal processes. 10x as many, half of brain by weight. Type of glia cell that contributes to blood brain barrier. Livers of the food to the brain deliver sugars to cells that need energy to proceed in metabolic processes. Almost like white blood cells in brain. Has own system with damage or dying cells. Help speed up signals conducting between cells. Glial cells that line the surface of the ventricles. The neuron - principal structures or regions of a multipolar neuron. Messages flow from soma through axon to dendrites and then to terminal buttons can make multiple connections. Has same attributes as a normal cell. Receiving end of information from previous neuron. Charged particles with extra electrons 9-) or fewer electrons (+) Covered with receptor sites neurotransmitters from previous neuron attach to the dendrites and cause chemical change, thus creating a chain effect of neurons affecting each other.
