MMW 13 Lecture 15: Long-Distance Oceanic Enterprises

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The Fra Mauro map, 1459 the 1st European map
Mapmaker-Venetian, orbit
Two versions - Venice & Portugal, forefront of exploration
How did African Atlantic exploration initiate global colonialism?
The Mexica developed a complex martial society.
Atlantic African colonialism
Arose from necessity and innovation
Globalized two medieval resettlement/trade models: reconquest and fort
Disrupted the balance of power among African kingdoms
Led to the ride of trans-Atlantic slavery -chattel
Spice routes
Power with ottoman empire
Genoese disadvantaged
Venetians
Negotiate
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Continue trading in black Sea
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Sugar exporter
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Genoese Merchants
Obstructed by Venice's commercial alliances with Muslim powers
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Turn towards Atlantic
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Become bankers to Portuguese
Fund explorations
1277-1281: Genovese pioneered route to NW Europe
Why the Iberians
Commerce necessity
Access
Foreign and domestic preoccupations
Portugal overseas
Consolidates earlier from reconquest
1250
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Looks outward toward Atlantic and Africa
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Lisbon
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Lisbon: Maritime Hub
Commercial ties with northern Europe and Italy
Foreigners in Lisbon --- Genoese
Caravel
Gathering intelligence
Journals
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Charts
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Colonization of Atlantic islands
Subjugation of one state to another extract wealth
Conflicting colonialisms
Portuguese
Land grants for nobility
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Settlement
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Genoese want trade
Cut out Islamic middlemen
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Mediterranean Fort/Trade Model
Forts and factories
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Trade with local populace
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Coastal
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Continued exploration
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Colonization of Africa
1440s-70s: Portuguese establish trading posts from Senegal River posts from
Senegal River to Bight of Biafra (Benin)
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Portuguese Fort of factory
Factory (commercial representatives)
Commercial trading post/fort
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Small garrison of Portuguese
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Permanent commercial presence little cost
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Portuguese Atlantic colonization
Colonization of Sao Tome---1485 failure with Portuguese settlers
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Importation of African slaves
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Focus on sugar
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Slave trade not main focus
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African Atlantic colonization
First large shipment of African slaves to Lisbon tool place in 1441
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By 1551, slaves 10%
African Atlantic interactions
Trade shifting from Sahara to Atlantic
Kingdom of Kongo
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Mbanza Kongo ---capital --- slave market
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Tradition - only foreign - born captives enslaved and sold
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Lec15 Long-Distance Oceanic Enterprises
Wednesday, May 9, 2018
11:01 AM
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