PSYC 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Lewis Terman, Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence, Predictive Validity
SP18 PSYC 1: 1
Lecture 16: Intelligence pt. 1 05-09-2018
Intelligence
General Intelligence
(g)
Assessing
Intelligence
Alfred Binet
Lewis Terman
Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale
Fluid and Crystalized
Intelligence
Reliability and
Validity
• Intelligence – ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use prior
knowledge to adapt to new situations
• Charles Spearman (1863-1945) found that people who did well in one area, did
well in another area → general intelligence
• Factor analysis – stat technique that determines how different variables relate to
each other (do the variables form clusters and vary with each other?)
o Eg. those who do well in reading comprehension, do well in math
• Why try to measure intelligence?
1. Study how and why people differ in ability
2. Match strengths and weaknesses to jobs and school programs
3. Proote surial of the fittest idea
▪ Eugenicist Francis Galton
▪ 30,000 people had involuntary sterilizations in 1930s USA
• Not white or had lower mental capabilities
▪ 63% of Americans supported compulsory sterilization
▪ 1927 Supreme Court agreed to sterilizatio of ufit people
graded by intelligence tests
• Problem: Late 1800s France, new law required universal education even for those
w/o the ability to succeed with the current instruction
• Solution: devised tests for children to determine which ones needed help
o Biet hoped to predict a child’s leel of success i regular educatio
• Low IQ score? → study and develop self-discipline and attention span
• Of Stanford University
• Initially felt that intelligence was unchanging and innate (genetic)
o Studied children with high IQs and found they lived longer and better
socially
• Later saw that IQ can be affected by the environment (familiarity with the
language/ culture used in IQ test) and education
• Low IQ score? → remove your genes from the population (eugenics)
• IQ test for people 16+ yrs old, 6 verbal and 5 performance tests
• Looks at education and innate ability
• Fluid intelligence – ability to think quickly and abstractly (innate)
o Uses performance tests
• Crystalized intelligence – accumulated wisdom (learned)
o Used by verbal tests
• Reliability – generates consistent results
o Split-half reliability – do two halves of the test yield the same results?
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