BISC306 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Central Chemoreceptors, Oncotic Pressure, Autonomic Nervous System

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Giraffes have a mean aortic pressure of 220 mm hg when standing. Fenestrated capillaries: pores (fenestrations) present, most plasma proteins are retained in the blood due to the basement found in regions of kidney, endocrine glands and gut membrane and other structures large gaps between cells. Sinusoidal capillaries: breaches in the basement membrane, most everything smaller than cells freely pass through capillary walls, prominent in liver. In many tissues there is much more protein in the plasma than the interstitial fluid. This creates an osmotic pressure difference between these fluids. The osmotic pressure due to protein called the colloid osmotic pressure: average systemic capillary colloid osmotic pressure is ~25 mm hg, average systemic interstitial colloid osmotic pressure is ~3 mm hg. Differences in hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure across the capillary wall determine whether there is net filtration or uptake of fluid: hydrostatic pressure is greater in the capillaries and favors the loss of water to the tissues.

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