KAAP221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cell Membrane, Catecholamine, Codocyte
12 Apr 2018
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Thyroid hormones, catecholamines (epi, norepi, dopamine), tryptophan derivatives (like melatonin) Short polypeptide chains of aa"s to small proteins. Glycoproteins may also function as hormones (like tsh, lh, fsh) Glycoproteins have a glucose molecule attached to them: peptide hormones, lipid derivatives. Consist of a carbon ring and side chains built from either fatty acids (eicosanoids) or cholesterol (steroid molecules) Steroid hormones - bound to specific transport proteins in the blood (in order to circulate) and remain in circulation longer than peptide hormones. Different combinations of receptors produce differential effects on specific tissues. Act as 1st messenger, goal is to relay message to 2nd messenger. 2nd messenger affects enzyme activity; change cellular metabolic reactions. Can alter activity of specific genes or affect dna transcription rate (changing pattern of protein synthesis) Change synthesis of enzyme and structural proteins affecting cell"s metabolic activity and structure: thyroid hormones. Adh (anti-diuretic hormone) and oxytocin (contracts cervix during labor)
