MEDT270 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Dna Ligase, Dna Replication
27 Oct 2016
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Made up of dna in a double helix. Size: 10% of chromosome arm ~ 40 genes. 1 gene is 3. 4 x 104 (cid:271)p aka (cid:396)eall(cid:455) s(cid:373)all. Genetic materials are confined in a nuclear compartment known as the nucleus, which is outlined with a nuclear membrane. Multiple chromosomes (23 pairs in humans, each represents a single linear dna molecule) Diploid one from other one from father. Nucleoid, aggregates of bacterial chromosomes, stays in the cytoplasm. This is similar to the nucleus structure in eukaryotic cells. Except, bacterial nucleoid contains no nuclear membranes nor histones (as eukaryotes do) Chromosomes are highly compacted, aided by histone like proteins known as nucleoid associated proteins (but they are not true histones) The full length of chromosomes is > 400 times of bacterial size. Plasmids carry nonessential but often important activities for conferring growth advantages of bacteria which provides better life qualities for bacteria.
