NTDT200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Diverticular Disease, Lactose Intolerance, Coronary Artery Disease

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Whole grains only endosperm is left after food is refined. Lactose- galactose+ glucose: singular sugars are absorbed in blood, disaccharides need to be digested. Liver: broken down to provide glucose in the blood, helps regulate glucose, muscle, broken down to provide energy to do work. Sugars added to food: refined sugars are added to many processed foods, add flavor. Increase energy density: decrease nutrient density, benefit of avoiding excess added sugars, reduce dental cavity risk. Carbohydrate absorption: monosaccharides are absorbed by small intestines then transported to the blood. Insoluble-increase fecal bulk and prevents constipation: not digested, soluble-form viscous gels, dietary fiber, functional fiber-fiber taken from another source and put into another food, total fiber=dietary fiber and functional fiber. Insoluble fiber: softens stool and decreases digestion, decreases hemorrhoids and diverticular disease. Soluble fiber: slows stomach emptying, slows digestion and absorption, reduces risk of coronary artery disease.

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