NTDT200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Osteoporosis, Hfe Hereditary Haemochromatosis, Phenylalanine
19 Apr 2018
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Document Summary
The synthesis of fuel stores are anabolic processes (anabolism) Insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine - key hormones involved in short-term regulation of metabolic adaptations that occur with feasting and fasting. Insulin stimulates anabolic reactions - glycogen synthesis in liver and skeletal muscle; fat synthesis in liver (and adipose) Stimulate liver glycogen breakdown to glucose (catabolic reaction) Mobilize fatty acids from triglycerides to maintain blood glucose concentration. Brain and rbc"s must have glucose to function. Ketones form whenever glucose is lacking and stored fat is used for energy (ketogenesis) Supplies about 2/3 of the brain"s total energy needs when starvation period reaches ~10 days. 20% of all energy used by the body. Can derive portion of energy needs from ketone bodies: brain is largest consumer of glucose, inborn errors of metabolism, caused by mutations (alterations) in genes, most often inherited from one or more parent. Genes that direct the production of enzymes and co-factors for metabolism.
