PHIL448 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Strategic Dominance, Environmental Ethics, Kantianism
22 Dec 2016
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A dominant (western) view about property and rights. Obligations to the environment extend through property lines. Right to private property comes from us not being able to acquire things we need from the commons (no individual has a right to anything in the commons) The labor theory of property (john locke) no one owns he forest, but you pick an apple (with your labor) and now you can eat the apple. Whatsoever then he removes out of the state that nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labor with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property . Kantianism: a) act only on maxims (plans) that you could will universally, b) treat people as ends-in-themselves, never as mere means. Ethical egoism: act in order to advance one"s own interests (compatible with strategic cooperation) Bentham"s hedonic calculus: cardinal interpersonal measurements of utility (utiles)
