WOMS202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Female Genital Mutilation, Widow Inheritance, Psychological Abuse
❖ Half the Sky
➢ Gender-Based Violence
■ Occurs as a result of the normative role expectations associated with
each gender, along with the unequal power relationships between the two
genders, within the context of a specific society
■ Who is affected: women and men, girls and boys
■ BUT majority affected are women and girls
● 1 out of every 3 experience sexual abuse in lifetime
● Not necessarily related to class, employment, education, age,
marital status- happens at all levels
■ Examples include physical abuse, sexual abuse, rape, domestic violence,
emotional and psychological abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation,
female genital cutting, and human trafficking
➢ UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW)
■ First international document which defined violence against women within
a broader gender-based framework
■ Major sites of gender-based violence=the family, the community and the
state
■ Caused by historic inequality between men and women
■ Gender-based violence as human rights violation
❖ History of Birth Control
➢ Became legal in 1965 for married couples
➢ Became legal for everybody in 1972
➢ Made national priority in 1973, right to family planning inserted into the
constitution
❖ Male Birth Control
➢ Nowhere on earth do men participate in contraception in larger number than
women; in most locations the percentage of men using male forms of birth
control is a tiny fraction of women employing other methods" (Gutmann 304)
➢ Hormonal methods for male birth control are in the making but they are still years
away from being fully developed
➢ Responsibility for contraception should not be put on either male or females; joint
responsibility, depends on couples
➢ Norm that women will take care of contraception
❖ MOJOLA, "PROVIDING WOMEN, KEPT MEN: DOING MASCULINITY IN THE
WAKE OF THE AFRICAN HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC"
➢ What is widow inheritance?
■ "Among the Luo, a brother of the deceased husband or one of his
other male relatives would inherit the widow" (Mojola, 346).
● Widow had some input, but final decision was in the hands
of the dead husband's family.
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Document Summary
Occurs as a result of the normative role expectations associated with each gender, along with the unequal power relationships between the two genders, within the context of a specific society. Who is affected: women and men, girls and boys. But majority affected are women and girls. 1 out of every 3 experience sexual abuse in lifetime. Not necessarily related to class, employment, education, age, marital status- happens at all levels. Examples include physical abuse, sexual abuse, rape, domestic violence, emotional and psychological abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation, female genital cutting, and human trafficking. Un declaration on the elimination of violence against women (devaw) First international document which defined violence against women within a broader gender-based framework. Major sites of gender-based violence=the family, the community and the state. Caused by historic inequality between men and women. Became legal in 1965 for married couples. Made national priority in 1973, right to family planning inserted into the.