APK 2100C Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Hyoid Bone, Levator Ani, Cystic Duct

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Ingestion of food: mechanical breakdown, chewing (mouth, churning (stomach, segmentation (si, propulsion, voluntary, swallowing (oropharynx, skeletal muscle. Intraperitoneal organs (have mesentery associated with them: only in abdominal cavity, liver, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, stomach, greater omentum, lesser omentum. Ileum and jejunum: mesentery proper, transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid colon, sigmoid mesocolon, retroperitoneal organs (do not have mesentery associated with them, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas. Ileum: last 60, leads into li, modifications for absorption, lots of sa, plicae circularis = permanent circular folds within lining of si. Increase sa: villi = projections on plicae circularis, can be up to 1mm high, simple columnar epithelium, lacteal runs up center of villi (absorbs fat, part of lymph system) Increase sa: microvilli = projections on villi. Inferior rectum: retroparetoneal organ, as you move distally, narrows into anal canal, 2 layers of muscularis externa.

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