APK 2105C Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: Bronchus, Respiratory Tract, Pulmonary Circulation
16 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Chapter 16, Lecture 1
Pulmonary Ventilation
• Pulmonary = lungs
• Respiration = gas exchange
o External respiration = exchange of gases between atomosphere and body
tissues
▪ Necessary for internal respiration to occur
▪ 4 processes
• Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
• Exchange of gases between lung air and blood (diffusion)
• Transportation of gases between lungs and body tissues
• Exchange of gases between blood and tissues (diffusion
o Internal (cellular) respiration = use of O at mitochondria to generate ATP
▪ Oxidative phosphorylation
▪ Makes CO2 (getting rid of CO2 = part of external respiration)
• Other functions of respiratory system
o Acid base balance of blood
▪ CO2 = acidic
o Vocalization
o Defense against pathogens and foreign particles in the airways
o Route for water and heat loss
o Enhancing venous return (respiratory pump)
o Activating plasma proteins as they pass through pulmonary circuit
▪ Ex: angiotensinogen converted by rennin → angiotensin 1 which is
converted by ACE → ansinogen 2
• Anatomy of respiratory system
o Air comes in through nasal or oral cavity
o Air dumps into pharynx = throat region
o Pharynx terminates as larynx
▪ Lots of cartilage
o Larynx is start of upper respiratory tract
o Larynx → trachea
▪ Lots of C shaped cartilage that is open
posteriorly to accommodate the
esophagus
o Trachea bifurcates into primary bronchi—
airway to each lung
o Right lung = 3 lobes
o Left lung = 2 lobes
o Primary bronchi → lobar (secondary) bronchi
(1 for each lobe of lung)
o Tertiary bronchi
o Lots more bronchi branches afterwards
o Bronchiole = 1 mm in diameter
o Terminal bronchioles = < 0.5 mm in diameter
o Alveoli on terminal bronchioles = respiratory
bronchioles
o Alveolar sac
o Lots of alveoli
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
