BSC 2010 Lecture Notes - Disaccharide, Sucrose, Monosaccharide
11 Sep 2013
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Document Summary
Macromolecules- large molecules formed by covalent linkages of small molecules. 4 types of macromolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids. *** except for lipids all other macromolecules are polymers created by linking monomers. Condensation or dehydration reaction- removing h2o creates covalent bonds. Amino and carboxyl functional group forms bases and acids by attracting or dropping protons. Large carbohydrates and made of many simple sugars. Arrangement of carbon in sugar gives them different functions. Monosaccharide covalently bonded by condensation reactions that form glycosidic linkages. Oligosaccharides are small stretches of monomers usually about 20 monomers long. ****starch-small all have glucose as their monomer cellulose very stable glucose. Hydrocarbons are insoluble in h2o because they are nonpolar molecules. Lipids are held together by weak van der waals interactions. They store energy in c-c and o-h bonds. Very little polarity therefore hydrophobic and have 3 fatty acid chains with alcohols. Fatty acid chains vary in structure saturated fatty acids- bond between carbons and hydrogen.
