MCB 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Spirochaete, Peptidoglycan, Archaea
Lecture 2
• Microorganisms as cells
o Microbe = small entity that cannot be seen with the naked eye
o Cell is the unit of life—all life forms are made of cells
▪ Hallmarks of a cell = things every cell must have or be able to do
• Cell membrane
• Genetic material made of DNA
o Information is stored as DNA
o Information from DNA is used to create structure
o Structure performs task functions
• Source of energy
• Regulate flow of chemicals across cell membrane
• Self replication
• Taxonomy of microorganisms
o 3 domains
▪ Archea = prokaryotic
• Single circular chromosome
• No organelles
• No nucleus
• Methan produces
• Extreme salt bacteria
• Extreme heat bacteria
▪ Bacteria = prokaryotic
• Circular chromosomes
• No organelles
• No nucleus
• Peptidoglycan in cell walls
o Targeted by antibiotics—works well to not affect the host
cells because no other organisms have peptidoglycan in
their cell walls
• Cyanobacteria
• Gram-pos bacteria
• Gram-neg bacteria
• Chlamydias
• Spirochetes
• Endospore producers
▪ Eukaryotes
• Many chromosomes
• Organelles
• Nucleus
• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Protists
o 5 kingdoms
▪ Animals
▪ Plants
▪ Fungi
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