MCB 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Frameshift Mutation, Trp Operon, Lac Operon

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fuchsiaserval309

18 Mar 2016

School

University of Florida

Department

Microbiology and Cell Science

Course

MCB 2000

Professor

Asghari Karim

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Document Summary

Contains anticodon b) c: briefly describe replication, transcription, and translation. What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ribosomes? rrna and protein. Explain how bacteria turn on/off an operon: switches that control gene expression and maintain the efficiency of bacteria b) Intentionally modifying genomes of organisms by natural and artificial processes for practical purposes a: cells with dna molecules that contain new nucleotide sequences, what is the significance of rflp, rflp stands for restriction fragment length polymorphism. It can be used to determine ancestry, identify. Dna, determine location of certain genes, or identify new inserted genes. Example; how you cut dna, how you introduce the. Dna to the host cell, how to track the dna. Which groups of infectious agents are included: obligate pathogens always need a host, viruses, name different components of a virus. Which one is unique to viruses: list animal defenses against viral infection, fever b)

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

1.A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophilamates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of thefemale offspring will have white eyes?

75%

25%

100%

2.Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-linked trait.If a female is red-green colorblind, which of the following isTRUE?

Her father mustbe colorblind.

Both herparents are carriers of the recessive allele.

Both herparents must be colorblind.

Her mother mustbe colorblind.

Women cannotexhibit red-green colorblindness because they have two Xchromosomes.

3.Allelesare

recessive traits.

dominant traits.

exact copies of the same trait.

alternate versions of the same trait

4.Using three bases torepresent each amino acid in a polypeptide

ensures that other organisms can read the codetoo.

prevents the wrong amino acid from being incorporated into aprotein.

ensures that DNA can replicate properly.

ensures that all amino acids are represented at least once bythe code.

5. If an organism's DNA contains 20%adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed ofguanine nucleotides?

6. Atrue-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant ofunknown parentage. Which of the following iscorrect?

Some shortindividuals may appear in the F2 generation.

Some of the F1generation will be short.

All of theoffspring (F1) will be short.

Over severalgenerations, no short individuals will appear.

7.Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can makethe most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is arecessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. Whatdo you know about the genotype of the father?

He could beeither heterozygous or homozygous dominant.

He must behomozygous recessive.

There is notenough information to determine the father's genotype.

He must beheterozygous.

8.During the elongation cycle of translation, the A site ona ribosome functions in

releasing thecompleted polypeptide.

holding apolypeptide as amino acids are added.

attaching thesmall subunits of rRNA to the large subunit.

receiving a newtRNA with the correct amino acid.

9.Whichof the following is an incorrect match?

translation -polypeptide formation

transcription -tRNA formation

translation -mRNA binding to rRNA

replication -copying of DNA

10. Thethree steps that are required for DNA replicationare

base doubling,unwinding, and joining.

unwinding, basedoubling, and base pairing.

unwinding,complementary base pairing, and joining.

unwinding,transcription, and translation.

11.Thex-ray diffraction pattern of DNA discovered by Rosalind Franklinshowed that DNA

contains alphahelices and beta sheets.

contains betasheets arranged in a repeated pattern.

has a repeatedpattern.

is both helicaland has a repeated pattern.

12.Which of the following is TRUE?

All traits onthe sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development.

Females can beheterozygous for sex-linked traits.

Males areheterozygous for the SRY gene.

Men pass theirX-linked traits to their sons.

13.Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had astraight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha'sgenotype?

Answer withBRIEF EXPLANATIONS please

if more than 2answers you given are wrong, low star, pretty much no pts!

indigojackal331

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

MCB 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Frameshift Mutation, Trp Operon, Lac Operon

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