GEOL 1121 Lecture 1: GEOL 1121 Key Notes (ALL)
8 Feb 2018
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Heavily cratered highlands 3. 9 - 4. 5 ga. Smooth, circular maria filled by lava flows 3. 2 - 3. 8 ga. Several hundred impact craters but most eroded. Meteor crater, az: 50,000 yr bp, impactor 60m diameter, crater 1200m diameter impactor velocity 10-20 km/sec. Atmosphere 78% n 2 , 21% o 2 , <4%h 2 o, . 04% co 2. Mid-ocean ridge system, mountain system 2-3 km above abyssal plain, circles. Volcanic island arcs + deep sea trenches. T increases downwards at 15 to 30 /km. Elements characterized by fixed number of protons = # electrons # neutrons. Most elements occur as compounds ( minerals ) in nature. Some exceptions: gold (au), diamond (c), graphite (c) Mineral: solid, natural, crystalline (regular 3 dimensional framework of atoms) Glass - not a mineral, not crystalline. Crystal shape (commonly reflects nature of atoms framework) Cations: + charged ions (atom or group of atoms with a charge) Most common mineral in crust, weathers to clay.
