PHIL 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Mind
5 May 2018
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Philosophy Exam 2 Notes
-There are three parts to the soul:
1. Rational- wisdom/knowledge of reason
2. Spiritual (willpower)- bravery/courage
3. Irrational (desires)/appetite- temperance
-There are three parts to the state:
1. Guardian: Philosophers
2. Auxiliary: Soldiers
3. Producers: Manual laborers/artisans/merchants
-Plato continued
1. Tyrants are basically aristocrats who betrayed their class to help lower class with a
motive
2. Producers cannot have any virtue because they do not know anything (like u steph)
-This city is an example (paradigm) in haven in the sky in all in all (City of Republic: for Plato)
-Athens become Macedonian
-Degree of Reality: It is in between real and unreal
-Aristotle:
-He dominates western thought (if you are born in 1625 or later, you are influenced by
the church and him
-He is a Macedonian aristocrat
-What do the royal doctors do in their spare time?
-When they dont treat royals, they experiment. They usually experiment in the
woods. (They experience on things like herbal medicine)
-Aristotle’s experience in the woods:
-There is a method at arriving at knowledge by experimenting with your senses
-He understands that there is a way to achieve knowledge by using our senses
-Two theories
-Plato’s theory is that knowledge is already in our minds. All knowledge comes from our
mental content. There is no need for senses
-Plato says you know what a tree is without thinking
-Aristotle’s theory is that knowledge comes from experience
-Aristotle says you experience a tree to know a tree and then you learn
-Plato: Forms
-Aristotle: forms
-Aristotle says you need to experience 1, 2, 3… n to know
-Forms are embedded in particulars: The Form is already there. You need to extract it onto your
mind.
-Plato says the Form acts ON the tree
-Problems of Plato’s theory of Forms
-(Aristotle did not have this problems)
-There are evil forms
-For example: Horse poop
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Document Summary
There are three parts to the soul: rational- wisdom/knowledge of reason, spiritual (willpower)- bravery/courage, irrational (desires)/appetite- temperance. There are three parts to the state: guardian: philosophers, auxiliary: soldiers, producers: manual laborers/artisans/merchants. Plato continued: tyrants are basically aristocrats who betrayed their class to help lower class with a motive, producers cannot have any virtue because they do not know anything (like u steph) This city is an example (paradigm) in haven in the sky in all in all (city of republic: for plato) Degree of reality: it is in between real and unreal. He dominates western thought (if you are born in 1625 or later, you are influenced by the church and him. They usually experiment in the woods. (they experience on things like herbal medicine) There is a method at arriving at knowledge by experimenting with your senses. He understands that there is a way to achieve knowledge by using our senses.
