PHIL 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Unmoved Mover, Systematic Chaos

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Aristotle: knowledge: explaining the characteristics
--why something is the way it is
4 causes: material, efficient, formal, final
Aristotle: 4 causes, accidental vs essential properties, empiricism, actuality &
potentiality, teleology, unmoved mover
Modern Phil (17th century):
After aristotle comes heleoistic phil
Phil identified with theology
Late 16th century→ fundamental change occurs
o -in 17th century educated people in europe experienced the greatest
change
o -reformation
o -capitalism : hard work is a virtue; fragality is key
Major breaks from Old world view→ earth is at center, planets, and stars orbit
around physical world -- aristotle
o Galileo changes the view of the physical world (newton proves
mathematically)
How can humans gain knowledge?
Descartes discovers “GPS” -- useful for navigation
Optics is the most important science→ responsible for development of the telescope
which is careful war
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