PHIL 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Deductive Reasoning
5 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
-Descartes
-Descartes wants to achieve certain knowledge (scientific knowledge) but not through
the senses
-Deductive reasoning: Geometry
-This means that if I find one truth, that cannot be questioned
-Knowledge
-Knowledge is not achieved by a caste system. Everyone can achieve knowledge.
Everyone uses deductive reasoning.
-The science that they take their method in, in 1700, is geometry.
-To produce knowledge, I need a certain truth. Then I will use deductive reasoning to get
to know everything about the world.
-Everything can be doubted. There is always a doubter. (“I think therefore I exist”- Cogito
ergo suu)--- uses this to establish his existence
-next step is to establish the world’s existence-- SCIENCE! : not labs, experimenting,
etc. but thinking
-method is everything : methodology
- even gods existence can be questioned
-Assumption: If I have a mind, that is in a certain realm
-Realm of thought: there are ideas (what I perceive)
-I am a consciousness
-Is there a way to determine whether i am dreaming or if this is real? NO
-The mind and body are separate: 2 different substances
-This is called Dualism
-Dualism
-Descartes thinks that the mind comes first
-How do I know this table exists: Use the senses. It changes color, size, and shape
-Aristotle looks for the properties
-How do i know it is the same table from an hour ago?
-There is one thing that makes it the same table.
-This table does not move and continues occupancy of space. That is what
makes it the same table
-What is the only thing philosophy wants to know about Juptier?
-Where it is and where it is going
-Realm of Extension
-All physical things exist in here
-Realm of Thoughts
-Ideas
(these two realms are not connected, they are not referring to the same “x”)
-Descartes
-D says no to the senses. I perceive it with my mind. The senses are not good
(Meditation1)
-D says it is an act of perception
-All extended things are understood by the mind
-D’s question is how do I know these things exist outside of my mind?
-(Mediation 3) I am a thinking thing because my knowledge is clear. Because I
believe, I know
-Absolute correspondence of existing and existing in mind
-His answer is God. God because He is benevolent. God would not deceive me
about the table being there
-When I have a clear and benevolent idea, the table is there
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Document Summary
Descartes wants to achieve certain knowledge (scientific knowledge) but not through the senses. This means that if i find one truth, that cannot be questioned. Knowledge is not achieved by a caste system. The science that they take their method in, in 1700, is geometry. To produce knowledge, i need a certain truth. Then i will use deductive reasoning to get to know everything about the world. There is always a doubter. ( i think therefore i exist - cogito ergo suu)--- uses this to establish his existence. Next step is to establish the world"s existence-- science! Assumption: if i have a mind, that is in a certain realm. The mind and body are separate: 2 different substances. Realm of thought: there are ideas (what i perceive) How do i know this table exists: use the senses. There is one thing that makes it the same table. This table does not move and continues occupancy of space.
